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Contraception

Contraception. Fertility Awareness Methods Also known as Natural Family Planning. Mechanism of FA Methods . Keeping sperm away from ovum, particularly when when fertility is most likely Ovulation. Abstinence. No “sex” What does this mean? Effectiveness depends on interpretation of term.

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Contraception

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  1. Contraception Fertility Awareness Methods Also known as Natural Family Planning

  2. Mechanism of FA Methods • Keeping sperm away from ovum, particularly when when fertility is most likely • Ovulation

  3. Abstinence • No “sex” • What does this mean? • Effectiveness depends on interpretation of term

  4. Withdrawal • During vaginal intercourse, penis is removed from vagina before ejaculation • “Coitus interruptus” • “Pull-out” method • Effectiveness • Per Planned Parenthood • “Perfect” use: 96% • Typical use: 73%

  5. Fertility Awareness Methods - Effectiveness • Generally, 75-80% effectiveness • “Effectiveness” - based on pregnancies among 100 male-female couples engaging in vaginal intercourse for one year • Effectiveness can increase when using more than one FAM, or additional non-FAM contraceptives

  6. Uterine and Ovarian Cycles • Having a basic knowledge of hormonal fluctuations throughout menstrual cycle can be helpful • Source: This Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons image is from the user Chris 73 and is freely available at //commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MenstrualCycle.png under the creative commons cc-by-sa 3.0 license. • Source: Sadava, et al, Life: The Science of Biology, Ninth Edition. Sinauer Associates. Sumanasinc.com

  7. Temperature Method • Track temperature every morning • Look for slight drop in temperature occurring immediately before ovulation • At ovulation, temperature increases • Temperature changes are small • Look for trends, expect daily fluctuations • Image source: Public domain, Wikimedia Commons

  8. Temperature Method • Use basal thermometer • Smaller scale (1/10 degree) • Chart temperature for at least three months before relying on method • Safe sex time begins 72 hours after temperature has risen, remains until temperature begins to drop • Source: Dr. Sacha Elliott, ND

  9. Temperature Method • Day 10: 98.5 Day 17: 98.8 • Day 11: 98.4 Day 18: 99.0 • Day 12: 98.4 Day 19: 98.7 • Day 13: 98.1 Day 20: 98.7 • Day 14: 97.9 Day 21: 98.8 • Day 15: 98.0 Day 22: 98.6 • Day 16: 97.5 Day 23: 98.5

  10. Cervical Mucus Method • Tracking the variation in mucus consistency throughout cycle • Cervical mucus begins a few days after menstruation • As mucus production increases, it’s yellow or white in color & cloudy, sticky • Will become wet, clear • Clear, slippery mucus = most fertile • Mucus production decreases, cloudy & sticky

  11. Cervical Mucus Method • Tracking Your Cervical Mucus, Babycenter.com • “Safe days” = begin after slippery mucus decreases, continue into cloudy & tacky, and especially dry days • Short cycles = mucus may be hidden in menstrual flow

  12. Calendar Method • Predicting “safe” and “unsafe” days based on length of monthly cycles • Can use traditional calendar, software, phone app, web tools

  13. Calendar Method • Count length of menstrual cycle • Day #1 = first day of menses • Last day = day before menses returns • Eight cycles are recommended before relying on this method (Planned Parenthood) • First fertile day = shortest cycle minus 18 • Last fertile day = longest cycle minus 11

  14. Calendar Method • Cycle 1: 24 Cycle 2: 27 • Cycle 3: 25 Cycle 4: 28 • Cycle 5: 25 Cycle 6: 27 • Cycle 7: 29 Cycle 8: 25 • Shortest day: 24 • Longest day: 29 • Safe days: #6-18

  15. Calendar Method • Online calendar method tool - virtualmedicalcentre.com • Irregular period cycles = reduced effectiveness • Calendar method = requires another method for most to experience adequate effectiveness

  16. Standard Days Method • CycleBeads video clip (0:55-3:50, YouTube) • Similar to calendar method, predicts safe and unsafe days • Made for women whose cycles are 26-32 days • Integrating Standard Days Method and CycleBeads into U.S. Reproductive Health Programs (Tri-City Health Center in Fremont, CA; via YouTube)

  17. Symptothermal Method • Temperature method • Cervical mucus method • Calendar method • All used together • Per Planned Parenthood, perfect use = 99% effectiveness

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