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CHAPTER THREE

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CHAPTER THREE

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    1. CHAPTER THREE INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AND TRAITS

    4. Personality Psychological characteristics Stable over time and across situations A set of characteristics, rather than one trait Makes the person unique and different from others

    5. Abilities and Skills Ability, or aptitude, is a stable natural talent for doing something mental or physical. A skill is an acquired talent that a person develops related to a specific task.

    7. Views of Ethics The relativist view of ethics suggests a belief that what is right or wrong depends on the situation or the culture. The universalist view of ethics suggests that all activities should be judged by the same standards, regardless of the situation or culture.

    11. Perception, Attribution and Learning

    12. Social Perception

    13. Social Perception

    14. Social Perception

    15. Social Perception

    16. The Perception Process

    18. Perception is a 'Learned Experience' It is the “awareness” of the external world (or some aspect of it, through one or more of our senses and, the interpretation of these by our mind.

    19. Understanding Understanding is achieved by interpreting current experience using past experience as a source of reference, and establishing a context upon which to base this new information. In other words: We are only able to understand today in terms of, and because of, our past experiences. Yet, we also know that 'Today' is unlike 'Yesterday'. We inherit Yesterday's patterns and need them to interpret what our senses are experiencing in the present. These patterns are simultaneously essential and yet out of date.

    20. How do we perceive? We store a ‘model’ or memory of objects. The process of perceiving involves ‘matching’ what our senses are experiencing to one of our ‘models.’ Perception is an active pattern-matching process. We recognize the world because of our historical store of information. We create our own unique world, our own interpretation of reality.

    21. Barriers to Social Perception Selective perception Stereotyping First-impression error Implicit personality theory Self-fulfilling prophecies

    22. Personality Theories Trait Theory - understand individuals by breaking down behavior patterns into observable traits Psychodynamic Theory - emphasizes the unconscious determinants of behavior Humanistic Theory - emphasizes individual growth and improvement Integrative Approach - describes personality as a composite of an individual’s psychological processes

    23. Variables Influencing Individual Behavior

    24. Variables Influencing Individual Behavior

    25. Variables Influencing Individual Behavior

    26. Interactional Psychology Approach

    27. The “Big Five” Personality Dimensions

    28. Characteristics Of Individuals With Internal Locus Of Control

    30. Characteristics Of High Self-monitors

    32. Machiavellian Personality

    33. Characteristics Of Leaders Who Fail

    34. The Johari Window

    35. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Based on Carl Jung’s work People are fundamentally different People are fundamentally alike People have preference combinations for extraversion/introversion, perception, judgment Briggs & Myers developed the MBTI to understand individual differences Take it at: http://www.humanmetrics.com

    36. Kiersey Temperament Sorter 1.In most situations are you more deliberate than spontaneous spontaneous than deliberate 2.Is it worse to be a softy hard-nosed 3.Is it better to be just merciful

    37. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Introvert-Extrovert where you derive your energy Sensing-Intuitive where you obtain your information Thinking-Feeling analysis & logic versus pleasing people Judging-Perceiving how you make a decision

    38. MBTI Preferences

    39. Each Manager Has a Particular Personality Type That Focuses Attention and Presents Strengths and Weaknesses in Dealing With Situations

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