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Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks ~Chapter 5 ~ ^_^

Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks ~Chapter 5 ~ ^_^ . Minerals: the building blocks of rocks . Definition of a mineral Natural Inorganic Solid Possess an orderly internal structure of atoms Have a definite chemical composition. Composition and structure of minerals . Atoms

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Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks ~Chapter 5 ~ ^_^

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  1. Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks~Chapter 5~^_^

  2. Minerals: the building blocks of rocks Definition of a mineral Natural Inorganic Solid Possess an orderly internal structure of atoms Have a definite chemical composition

  3. Composition and structure of minerals Atoms Smallest particles of matter Elements Basic building blocks of minerals Over 100 are known

  4. Periodic table of the Elements

  5. How atoms are constructed Nucleus – central part of an atom that contains Protons – positive electrical charges Neutrons – neutral electrical charges Have all the characteristics of an elements Energy levels, or shells Surround nucleus Contain electrons – negative electrical charges

  6. Simplified view of the atom

  7. How atoms are constructed Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus Bonding of atoms Forms a compound with two or more elements Ions are atoms that gain or lose electrons Isotopes Have varying number of neutrons

  8. How atoms are constructed Isotopes Have different mass numbers – the sum of the neutrons plus protons Many isotopes are radioactive and emit energy and particles

  9. Minerals Physical properties of minerals Crystal form Luster Color Streak Hardness Cleavage Fracture Other properties (taste, smell, elasticity, malleability, feel, magnetism, double refraction)

  10. Crystal Form

  11. Luster

  12. Cleavage

  13. Streak

  14. Hardness

  15. Cleavage

  16. Fracture

  17. Other PropertiesCrystal Form

  18. The mineral quartz often exhibits good crystal form

  19. Pyrite (fool’s gold) displays metallic luster

  20. Three examples of perfect cleavage – fluorite, halite, and calcite

  21. Conchoidal fracture

  22. Minerals Physical properties of minerals Other properties Feel Magnetism Double Refraction Reaction to hydrochloric acid

  23. Minerals A few dozen minerals are called the rock-forming minerals The eight elements that compose most rock-forming minerals are oxygen (O), silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) Most abundant atoms in Earth's crust: Oxygen (46.6% by weight) S ilicon (27.7% by weight)

  24. Minerals Major Mineral groups Rock-forming silicates Most common mineral group Contain the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron Four oxygen atoms surrounding a much smaller silicon atom Feldspars are the most plentiful mineral group Crystallize from molten material

  25. Minerals Mineral groups Rock-formingsilicates : Olivine – independent tetrahedra Pyroxene group – tetrahedra are arranged in chains Amphibole group – tetrahedra are arranged in double chains

  26. Hornblende – a member of the amphibole group

  27. Minerals Mineral groups Rock-formingsilicates Micas – tetrahedra are arranged in sheets Biotite and Muscovite Feldspars - Blocky Two types- Orthoclase and Plagioclase Quartz –

  28. Potassium feldspar

  29. Plagioclase feldspar

  30. Major Mineral groups: Nonsilicate Mineral Groups: Oxides Sulfides Carbonates A major rock-forming group Found in the rocks limestone and marble Evaporites Halite and gypsum are found in sedimentary rocks Many have economic value

  31. Native Copper

  32. Some common non-silicate minerals

  33. Mineral resources Reserves are already identified deposits Ores are useful metallic minerals that can be mined at a profit Economic factors may change and influence a resource

  34. An underground halite (salt) mine

  35. The Bingham copper mine in Utah

  36. Formative Mineral Quiz Directions: Take out separate piece of paper and number 1-17 For each slide, identify the mineral either based on how it looks or on the clue given. Correct quiz and record which ones you need study more!

  37. Concoidal Fracture

  38. IDENTIFY IT!

  39. HCL Test (fizzing)

  40. Double Refraction

  41. IDENTIFY IT!

  42. Perfect Cleavage (3 at 90 deg.)- NO THER HINTS!

  43. Definitely not gold… unless you’re a fool.

  44. Fibrous

  45. MOHS = 1

  46. Streak Test

  47. Magnetic… but the streak is throwing me off

  48. Uber Magnetic

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