World War I

1. World War I Unit 7.4

2. Long Term Causes of the Great War • Imperialism • Nationalism • Militarism • Entangling Alliances • Immediate Cause in 1914: Assassination of the Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and domino effect of alliances.

3. The two sides • Central Powers (triple alliance) • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Ottoman Empire • Allied Powers (triple entente) • Britain • France • Russia • U.S. was officially neutral, but had more economic ties with Britain and France • Wilson’s 1916 re-election slogan: “He kept us out of the war.” • British propaganda about German atrocities influenced U.S. media • German and Irish Americans did not want to be involved. Why?

4. Why did the U.S. join – simple version • Lusitania sunk by German U-boat in May, 1915 British Ocean liner with 128 Americans • Zimmerman Note (Telegram) as Germany proposes an alliance with Mexico in Feb., 1917. Or did they? • Make World Safe for Democracy – Self-determination for all nations. After the “White Revolution” in Russia

5. Russian Revolution for US History • March, 1917 – Czar Nicholas II is overthrown and a democratic gov’t is formed – “White Revolution” • (April, 1917 – U.S. declares War and joins Allies) • Oct, 1917 – Vladimir Lenin and Bolsheviks overthrow democratic gov’t establish a new Communist nation. • IWW was a part of the overthrow • The U.S.S.R. (Soviet Union) withdraws from the war.

6. WWI Military to know • Eastern Front & Western Front • Russians were on Eastern. When they withdrew the fighting was on the Western Front (where the U.S. soldiers went) • American Expeditionary Force led by Gen. John Pershing • Biggest battles U.S. involved with: Marne River and Argonne Forest. • Trench Warfare and No Man’s Land

7. New weapons in a deadly war • Mechanized Warfare • Tanks • Machine Guns • Barbed wire • Mines • Poisonous Gas • Flame throwers • Airplanes • U-boats

8. A Hero and an end • Alvin York • Pacifists who later joined. Why? • Hero would won Medal of Honor. • Armistice - ceasefire • November 11, 1919 • U.S. lost 112,000 in 2 years • Total - 10 million (20 million wounded)

9. The War at Home – part I • Selective Service Act • Aka – draft • Over 2.8 million drafted • Conscientious objectors • Espionage and Sedition Acts • Over 2000 arrested (including Debs) • Schenck v. U.S. • Upheld it with “clear and present danger” doctrine • What would grow out of this?

10. War at home – part II • War Boards – gov’t intrusion over personal? • War Industries Board led by Bernard Baruch. Gov’t control over raw materials and prices. • Food Administration Board led by Hebert Hoover. Helped US export more food. • Committee on Public Informationled by George Creel • Propaganda • Famous for posters

11. Economic Impacts • Liberty Bonds • Loans to finance War • Taxes also raised to help pay for war. • What would happen with gov’t during the war? • Although thought to be a negative at first, the war was great for the U.S. economy. • Factory production rises • Farm production rises (and farmers modernize) • Gold flows into United States from Europe

12. War’s Social Impact • Great Migration continues as more blacks more to northern cities for jobs • Segregated military • Backlash on immigrants (German and Italian) • Mexican’s encouraged to come and work • More jobs for women • Unions gain strength with labor needed

13. Fourteen Points • During WWI, President Wilson tried to shape the peace settlement. • Some of the broader ideas: • Many territorial questions • Recognition of Freedom of the seas • End of secret treaties • Reduce national armies and navies • Self-determination of many nationalities in Europe • General association of nations (what would become League of Nations )

14. Treaty of Versailles • President Wilson came to defend his Fourteen Points • Many of his ideas were included • Germany had to admit guilt for the war and pay Reparations • Article X – established the League of Nations

15. Irreconcilables Could not accept membership into the League of Nations no matter what. Would not vote for it at all Reservationists Led by Henry Cabot Lodge Would accept it if certain provisions were added President Wilson chose to fight this and it would be the downfall of the treaty. Treaty was rejected and the U.S. never joined the League. Battle for the Treaty in the Senate

16. Flu and Recession • 1918 Flu Epidemic • Worldwide after soldiers spread it • Not as bad in U.S., but still thousand die • Today we know it was an avian flu • Post-war recession • Happens after most wars • Made worse by flu epidemic • Major strikes and Race riots in 1919. • Boston Police Strike 1919 • National Guard called in after layoffs and wage cuts to police

17. The Red Scare • Who? • Why? • Dillingham Report had said what? • Sacco and Vanzetti • Palmer Raids • Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer ordered mass arrests of anarchists, Socialists, and “labor agitators”

18. Return to Normalcy • The end of the war, marked the end of the Progressive movement and a start of a more conservative period. • The postwar recession would end and the 1920s would be a boom for business (but then what?). • Election of 1920 – Harding would win with his Normalcy slogan. • But would the 1920s really be normal?

19. More Posters

20. Reflection Questions • What were the causes of the 1st World War and what caused the United States to join? • Even through the U.S. was only in the war for two years, what were the impacts on the United States? • How did fighting change in World War I? • What happened with the peace process in both Europe and in the United States and how would that impact future events?

21. Links • http://www.tentimesone.com/if-world-war-one-was-a-bar-fight/ - barfightwwi • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYK-9VCvIBA – barfight verbal • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Xn_z8uwPfQ&feature=relmfu – review causes • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gj2v7-0tAC0 – ww1 overview • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uP_0DkpFOKs – combat videos • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCRRS_MqcVQ&feature=related – technology in WW1