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7.3 Nuclear Reactions

7.3 Nuclear Reactions. By: HULK And Bruce Banner. Nuclear Fission. Generate power from nuclear fission Split heavy nucleus into 2 lighter nuclei , subatomic particles and energy Large amount of energy released which generate electrical power in nuclear reactor

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7.3 Nuclear Reactions

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  1. 7.3 Nuclear Reactions By: HULK And Bruce Banner

  2. Nuclear Fission • Generate power from nuclear fission • Split heavy nucleus into 2 lighter nuclei, subatomic particles and energy • Large amount of energy released which generate electrical power in nuclear reactor • No more coal and natural gas • Produce radioactive waste that must be stored safely for long time or more Bruce Banners become HULK

  3. Nuclear Reactions • In nuclear reactions, the nuclei of atoms change • Protons, neutrons, electrons or gamma rays can be released (stay away from gamma rays) • Unlike chemical reactions, in nuclear reactions, mass can be converted into energy • Small changes in mass result in large changes in energy (E = mc2 where c = the speed of light)

  4. Induced Nuclear Reactions • Nuclear reactions don’t only happen naturally through radioactive decay • When HULK SMASH nucleus with alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays or neutrons HULK induce nuclear reaction

  5. Subatomic Particle Symbols • Here are is the standard atomic notation for some subatomic particles: • Proton = Hydrogen-1 nucleus = • Neutron = • Electron = Beta Particle = • Alpha particle = Helium nucleus =

  6. Rules for Writing Nuclear Equations • Sum of mass numbers on each side are equal • Sum of charges (atomic numbers) on each side are equal:

  7. Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235 • The main reaction in fission nuclear weapons and in Canadian nuclear power plants • It has the following nuclear equation • The uranium-235 nucleus absorbs a neutron briefly becoming uranium-236 which is unstable so it decays into two smaller nuclei releasing 3 neutrons and energy

  8. Chain Reactions • Uranium-235 fission release 3 neutrons which can go start other fission reactions which release more neutrons to start more reactions and so on. • This process where one reaction starts next, called chain reaction • Chain reactions in nuclear reactor must be controlled (like Bruce Banner anger) or risk of releasing radiation or explosions • Enrico Fermi used cadmium rods to absorb neutrons in first reactor and control chain reaction

  9. CANDU Reactors • CANDU stands for CANadianDeuterium Uranium • Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen with a proton and neutron in nucleus • CANDU reactors use uranium fission to create heat which boils water, generating steam which turns turbines to produce electricity

  10. Hazardous Wastes • CANDU reactor fuel is bundles of rods with uranium pellets • Each used for 15 months • Used ones very radioactive • Stored in water pools for 10 years • Then transferred to shielded storage containers so scientists don’t become like HULK

  11. Nuclear Fusion • HULK SMASH two light nuclei to form one heavy nucleus • Happens at core of sun where hydrogen-2 and hydrogen-3 SMASH and form helium • Need high pressure and temperature • Release massive amounts of energy • Fusion in sun create light and heat in human world

  12. Fusion vs. Fission • Light nuclei SMASH to form heavy nucleus • Release lots of energy if created nucleus as light or lighter than iron • Products not radioactive a I • Cannot yet be used to generate electrical power • Use in nuclear weapons if enough heat and pressure from fission reactiona I a I a • Heavy nuclei split apart a I a • Releases lots of energy if the parent is heavier than iron • Daughter isotopes are often radioactive • Used to generate electrical power • Used in nuclear weapons itself or to generate the heat and pressure for a fusion reaction

  13. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FU6y1XIADdg

  14. Quiz • What is the standard atomic notation for a proton? • What is the major difference between a chemical and nuclear reaction? • What do you call a nuclear reaction caused by bombarding a nucleus with subatomic particles? • What is a chain reaction? • What do CANDU reactors use as fuel? • What happens to used CANDU reactor fuel bundles? • Fission or Fusion • Used for electrical power generation • Joining of two lighter nuclei • Occurs in our sun • Often creates radioactive products

  15. Answers • In nuclear reactions, nuclei change, in chemical reactions, changes only occur in the electron shells • Induced Nuclear Reaction • An ongoing process in which one fission reaction initiates the next reaction • Uranium (bundles of rods with uranium pellets) • They are stored in water pools for 10 years then transferred to shielded storage containers • a) Fission b) Fusion c) Fusion d) Fission e) Fission

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