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Reconstruction Document-Based Questions. Document A. Document B. Document C. Document D. Document E. TESTIMONY OF BENJAMIN SINGLETON Washington, D. C., April 17, 1880 before the Senate Select Committee Investigating the "Negro Exodus from the Southern States"
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Reconstruction Document-Based Questions
Document E TESTIMONY OF BENJAMIN SINGLETON Washington, D. C., April 17, 1880before the Senate Select Committee Investigatingthe "Negro Exodus from the Southern States" Q. Have they any property now?A. Yes; I have carried some people in there that when they got there they didn't have fifty cents left, and now they have got in my colony -- Singleton colony -- a house, nice cabins, their milch cows, and pigs, and sheep, perhaps a span of horses, and trees before their yeards, and some three or four or ten acres broken up, and all of them has got little houses that I carried there. They didn't go under no relief assistance; they went on their own resources; and when they went in there first the country was not overrun with them; you see they could get good wages; the country was not overstocked with people; they went to work, and I never helped them as soon as I put them on the land.
Document F Baptismal ceremony at the First African Baptist Church in Richmond.(Harper's Weekly, June 27, 1874) Interior View of the First African Baptist Church in Richmond.(Harper's Weekly, June 27, 1874)
Document G Background: The leaders of Louisiana, eager to eliminate all black participation in politics, invented what came to be known as the Grandfather clause. In 1898, the state legislature passed this Grandfather clause. The clause said, "Literacy and property tests for registering to vote will not be given to any individuals whose fathers or whose grandfathers were legally entitled to vote on January 1st, 1867," right after the war. In Louisiana, no black man was legally entitled to vote on January 1st, 1867. Hence, the Grandfather clause, once adopted by the state, eliminated all black participation in politics. Sec. 5. No male person who was on January 1st, 1867, or at any date prior thereto, entitled to vote under the Constitution or statutes of any State of the United States, wherein he then resided, and no son or grandson of any such person not less than twenty—one years of age at the date of the adoption of this Constitution, and no male person of foreign birth, who was naturalized prior to the first day of January, 1898, shall be denied the right to register and vote in this State by reason of his failure to possess the educational or property qualifications prescribed by this Constitution; provided, he shall have resided in this State for five years next preceding the date at which he shall apply for registration, and shall have registered in accordance with the terms of this article prior to September 1, 1898, and no person shall be entitled to register under this section after said date. . . . Constitution of the State of Louisiana, Adopted May 12, 1898
Document H Amendment 13Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865. Ratified on December 6, 1865.Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Document I . . . All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. -14th Amendment, section 1, 1868
Document J . . . We believe you are not familiar with the description of the Ku Klux Klans riding nightly over the country, going from county to county, and in the county towns, spreading terror wherever they go by robbing, whipping, ravishing, and killing our people without provocation [reason], compelling [forcing] colored people to break the ice and bathe in the chilly waters of the Kentucky river. The [state] legislature has adjourned. They refused to enact any laws to suppress [stop] Ku-Klux disorder. We regard them [the Ku-Kluxers] as now being licensed to continue their dark and bloody deeds under cover of the dark night. They refuse to allow us to testify in the state courts where a white man is concerned. We find their deeds are perpetrated [carried out] only upon colored men and white Republicans. We also find that for our services to the government and our race we have become the special object of hatred and persecution at the hands of the Democratic Party. Our people are driven from their homes in great numbers, having no redress [relief from distress] only [except] the United States court, which is in many cases unable to reach them. We would state that we have been law-abiding citizens, pay our taxes, and in many parts of the state our people have been driven from the polls, refused the right to vote. Many have been slaughtered while attempting to vote. We ask, how long is this state of things to last? . . . — Petition to the United States Congress, March 25, 1871, Miscellaneous Documents of the United States Senate, 42nd Congress, 1st Session, 1871
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Question: What were the social, political, and economic failures of reconstruction?
Question: What were the social, political, and economic successes of reconstruction?
