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Car-Truck Study

PublishedApril 2002. Purpose of Study. To examine unsafe driving actions (UDAs) that contribute to fatal crashes between cars and large trucks (over 10,000 lbs) and to identify instructional strategies.. Background. 5,211 killed and about 140,000 injured in crashes involving trucks (>10,000 lb) in 200098% of these fatalities and injuries in passenger cars25% increase in trucks registered in last decade40% increase in truck VMT in last decade.

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Car-Truck Study

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    3. Purpose of Study

    4. Background 5,211 killed and about 140,000 injured in crashes involving trucks (>10,000 lb) in 2000 98% of these fatalities and injuries in passenger cars 25% increase in trucks registered in last decade 40% increase in truck VMT in last decade

    5. Are poor judges of speed, maneuverability, braking, acceleration of trucks Assume operation of car and truck is same Do not recognize risks associated with driving near trucks Literature Suggests Many Car Drivers…

    6. Need Better Understanding of Driver Actions Preceding Car-Truck Crashes Information on UDAs is in crash data files Inherent uncertainty Police judgments, witness statements, crash survivors Straightforward tabulations and associated statistical techniques inadequate

    7. Objectives Examine recorded unsafe driver actions Identify unsafe driver actions more likely in car-truck crashes than in car-car crashes Discern behavioral patterns associated with these actions Suggest educational interventions

    8. Methods Estimate likelihood of particular UDA being recorded in a car-truck crash – relative to a car-car crash. Examine in detail crashes with UDAs that are more likely in car-truck crashes.

    9. Vehicle Crash Data NASS General Estimates System – GES All severity levels Complex sample State crash data files All police reported vehicle crashes in state Each state is different Fatality Analysis Reporting System – FARS National All fatal vehicle crashes

    10. Data Selected FARS Trucks in Fatal Accident File (TIFA) At UMTRI Detailed- including police accident reports Limits analysis to fatal crashes

    11. Driver-Level Related Factors in FARS (up to 4 Per Driver Can Be Coded) Failure to keep in lane Failure to yield right of way Driving too fast for conditions or in excess of posted speed Inattentive Operating vehicle in erratic, careless or negligent manner Driving on wrong side of road Non traffic violation - homicide Sliding due to ice, water, slush Passing with insufficient distance Making improper turn Drowsy, sleepy, asleep, fatigued Overcorrecting Improper of erratic lane change Following improperly 94 codes

    12. Major Findings

    13. Distribution of Driver Factors for Drivers in Fatal Car-truck Crashes

    14. Car Drivers Are More Likely to Commit Unsafe Driver Acts Than Truck Drivers

    15. Five Most Frequent Driver Factors

    16. UDAs Similar Between Fatal Car-Truck Crashes and Fatal Car-Car Crashes

    17. Five UDAs Account for Most Unsafe Acts

    18. Five Most Frequent Driver Factors Car-truck Crashes

    19. Same Five UDAs Also Most Common Factors for Truck Drivers

    20. Detailed Review of Fatal Car-truck Crash Records Selected sample of over 500 fatal car-truck crashes with one of the 4 driver factors from FARS 1995-1998 Obtained crash files from TIFA records from center for national truck statistics Reviewed for behavioral sequences, driver characteristics, other actions/conditions

    21. Results From Detailed Review Crashes in which car driver was drowsy, asleep, fatigued or following improperly - male car drivers more likely than female Male and female car drivers equally likely in fatal crash in which they made improper lane change or in which their vision was obscured Younger car drivers- more likely to be drowsy, asleep, fatigued Older drivers - more likely to have obscured vision Younger truck drivers – more likely than older to follow too closely

    22. Results From Detailed Review Younger car drivers - alcohol, speed Older car drivers - failure to yield right-of-way, improper turns, intersection problems Younger truck drivers – more likely than older alcohol, speed, drugs (number of cases small)

    23. Conclusions Unsafe driver actions in fatal car-truck crashes attributed more to car drivers than to truck drivers Driver-factors in fatal car-truck crashes consistent with broader crash risks Most driver-related factors equally likely in fatal car-truck and car-car crashes Profile of causes and characteristics of fatal car-truck crashes similar to those for car-car crashes

    24. Important Limitations

    25. The Good News

    26. What Next?

    27. What Next?

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