Cultural Geography

1. Cultural Geography James Leigh, University of Nicosia Tracy Bucco

2. PopulationPart 2 Crowd, http://lbcpastor.wordpress.com/tag/service/

3. This lecture’s reading • Rubenstein, J. (2005), The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography, Latest Edition, Saddle River,Prentice Hall. • Chapter: Population • Fellman, J. Getis, A. and Getis, J. (2005), Human Geography: Landscapes of Human Activities, Latest Edition, New York, McGraw-Hill. • Chapter: Populations: World Patterns, Regional Trends

4. GDP / caiita, http://www.dianahsieh.com/blog/2008_08_01_monthly.shtml Hypothesis: Poorer are less literate and have more children. Literacy rates, http://leadingfromtheheart.org/2008/07/26/perpetuating-the-story-of-difference-or-literacy-revisited/ Fertility rates, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Fertility_rate_world_map_2.png

5. World Population Increase Population growth, http://www.raisethehammer.org/index.asp?id=254

6. Video • What are some futurepopulation trends? • What are some areasincreasing or decreasingin population? Video – “Alarming Facts aboutthe Population of the World” (4 minutes) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UZWcoERjBUI&NR=1 Then checkout http://www.thefactlab.com/ World Population, http://people.howstuffworks.com/population-six-billion.htm

7. Population “doubling time” • Small changes in populations increase have dramatic effects • NIR of: • 1.0% doubles population in 70 years • 1.4% doubles population in 51 years • 2.2% doubles population in 35 years

8. Where is the populations increase? • Mostly LDCs in: • Africa • Asia • Latin America • Middle East • In last decade worldpopulation growth: • 2/3 in Asia • 1/3 divided equally among: • Sub Saharan Africa • Latin America • Middle East NIR, http://www.countrywatch.com/facts/facts_default.aspx?type=image&img=PIAG

9. To explain population increase Total Fertility Rate (TFR):Average number of childrena woman will havein her childbearingyears (~15-49) • World rate is ~3 • Rate > 6 in some subSaharan countries • Rate <2 in ~ every European country TFR, http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/edu/dees/V1003/lectures/population/index.html

10. To explain population increase Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): • Annual number of deathsof infants < 1 year against the total number of births • Per 1,000 • High in poor countries ofsub-Saharan Africa • In some LDC exceeds 100 (>10%) • Low in Western Europe • Only <50 (<5%) • Reflects standard of livingand medical facilities,and in-countrysocioeconomic status IMR, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Infant_mortality_rate_world_map.PNG

11. To explain population increase • Life expectancy at birth measuresthe average numberof years a newborninfant can expectto live • High in MDCs • Western Europe • Low in LDCs • Sub-Saharan Africa LE, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Life_expectancy_world_map.PNG

12. Young populations Young populations, http://arbroath.blogspot.com/2006_12_03_archive.html

13. Brief review • MDCs have: • Higher life expectancy • Older populations • Lower rates of: • Natural increase • Crude birth • Total fertility • Infant mortality • LDCs have: • Lower life expectancy • Younger populations • Higher rates of: • Natural increase • Crude birth • Total fertility • Infant mortality Population growth, http://www.unesco.org/education/tlsf/TLSF/theme_c/mod13/www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/modules/social/pgr/map1.htm

14. Demographic Transition • Typical Stages of Process of Development • 1. High BR and DR, stable population • 2. Rapidly falling DR  population increase, urbanizing • 3. BR decline as DR continue to decline  moderation of population increase • 4. Low BR and DR  population stability (or decrease) • Influenced by: • Industrial Revolution • Medical Revolution • Wealth • Infrastructure • Social philosophy DT, http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/human_pop/human_pop.html

15. Demographic transition Note post-industrial (Jordan & Domosh)

16. Population pyramids Wide base shows large number of children, but rapid narrowing as many die between each age band. The pyramid indicates a population with high BR, high DR and short life expectancy. Typical for poorer countries - little access to birth control, poor environmental factors (e.g. no clean water), minimal health services. Note more females than males in age groups – females live longer. PP, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_pyramid

17. ComparativePop’n increase % Switzerland ~ 0.5 Malawi ~ 2.4 Stable Growing PP, http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/pyramids.html

18. Obviously declining population in 2050

19. Pyramid types PP, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_pyramid

20. China’s Changing pyramid China PP, http://www.geographyalltheway.com/igcse_geography/population_settlement/population/population_structure.htm

21. Canada’s changing pyramid Canada PP, http://www.statcan.gc.ca/kits-trousses/animat/edu06a_0002-eng.htm

22. PP, http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/pyramids.html

23. PP, http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/pyramids.html

24. PP, http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/pyramids.html

25. Pyramid’s historical effects: Germany (unreferenced)

26. (Unreferenced)

27. World’s aging population Population, http://wisdom.unu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/big-population-age-group.gif

28. S S Africa ++++ 11 – 18% China -- 21 – 16 India  17 – 17 N East/N Africa + 6 – 8 Other Asia + 17 – 20 Latin America + 8 – 9 LD regionspopulation share (Fellmann)

29. Looming Challenges • Overpopulation • Old populations • Peak phenomena (scarcity): • Food • Resources • Energy • Commodities • High prices • Declining economic development • Poverty • Climate change • Pollution • Famine / disease • War Old man, http://glorialimbong.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/poor-old-man.jpg

30. Many visual items are used in the course. • They have been collected in “notes” over several years. • If any items are unreferenced please let us know. • We would be happy to give credits. • James Leigh, University of Nicosia Tracy Bucco