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The Politics of Protest [ week 12]

The Politics of Protest [ week 12]. Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism. How do we categorise different forms of ‘terrorism’?. Clandestine violence Unspecified violence Semi-military violence Autonomous violence. Donatella Della Porto (1995). Preconditions for left-wing terrorism.

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The Politics of Protest [ week 12]

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  1. The Politics of Protest [week 12] Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism

  2. How do we categorise different forms of ‘terrorism’? Clandestine violence Unspecified violence Semi-military violence Autonomous violence Donatella Della Porto (1995)

  3. Preconditions for left-wing terrorism A sufficient amount of ‘bottled up’ anger An intense political situation A confrontational state Ineffective left-wing organisations No apparent alternative Existence of credible models Sufficient personal resolve

  4. United States: Weather UndergroundGermany: Red Army FactionItaly: Red Brigades

  5. Germany: Red Army Faction (Baader-Meinhof Group) Formed 1970 Andreas Baader, Ulrike Meinhof, Gudrun Ensslin, Horst Mahler inspired by PFLP and Tupamaros Led to formation of: Revolutionary Cells (RZ) Movement 2 June

  6. Italy: 12th December 1969 bombings Piazza Fontana (16 dead, 100 injured) BancadiLavoro (14 injured) Piazza Venezia monument (4 injured) The case of Giuseppe Pinelli Law and order in Italy The role of the radical Right The case of VittorioAmbrosini

  7. Italy: Red Brigades (BrigateRosse) Origins and sociology founded 1970 gradual move toward terrorist activities passive worker support – two examples

  8. The Role of Secret Services Italian Armed Forces Institute for Strategic Studies Field Manual 30-31 increase in terror, 1969-78 peak period: 1978-89

  9. Terror in Western Europe: who were the culprits? Three key issues to consider: The propensity for left-wing terror Who is to blame for all this? A crisis of legitimacy

  10. CONCLUSIONS The problem of responsibility The problem of legitimacy The role of the state Continuity vs. change Looking to the future

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