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WHAT DOES THE WORD ABSOLUTE MEAN? WHERE DOES THE POWER TO RULE COME FROM? WHY IS THAT IMPORTANT?

EQ. WHAT DOES THE WORD ABSOLUTE MEAN? WHERE DOES THE POWER TO RULE COME FROM? WHY IS THAT IMPORTANT? WHAT IS THE WORST THAT A KING CAN DO TO A PERSON? THE POPE?. The Rise of Absolutism in Europe, 1500-1800. Absolutism: The exercise of complete and unrestricted power of government.

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WHAT DOES THE WORD ABSOLUTE MEAN? WHERE DOES THE POWER TO RULE COME FROM? WHY IS THAT IMPORTANT?

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  1. EQ • WHAT DOES THE WORD ABSOLUTE MEAN? • WHERE DOES THE POWER TO RULE COME FROM? • WHY IS THAT IMPORTANT? • WHAT IS THE WORST THAT A KING CAN DO TO A PERSON? THE POPE?

  2. The Rise of Absolutism in Europe, 1500-1800

  3. Absolutism: • The exercise of complete and unrestricted power of government

  4. Absolute Monarch – • a king or queen who has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of society, economically, socially and politically.

  5. Divine Right – • The idea that the power to rule comes from God. Monarchs are answerable only to God. The people cannot question the will of the monarch.

  6. Causes of Absolutism • Growth in trade • Feudalism declined • Rise of cities • Growth of national kingdoms • Growth of middle class • Decline in Church power • Rise of colonial holdings

  7. Effects of Absolutism • Power of nobles reduced • Individual rights limited • Abuse of power & tyranny • A desire of the people to be free!! • The Enlightenment

  8. Regroup • What were the years during which absolutism was at its height? • What “ism” had to decline in order for absolutism to rise? • How could a king protect a city? • Upon which group would taxes be levied?

  9. Examples of Absolute Monarchs • Philip II of Spain • Louis XIV of France • Peter the Great of Russia • Frederick the Great of Prussia • Maria Theresa of Austria • Charles I of England

  10. Philip II of Spain1527-1598 • In 1556 Philip II becomes king of Spain, the wealthiest, most powerful nation in Europe • Much wealth comes from American colonies • 339,000 lbs of gold in 1660

  11. Philip II of Spain1527-1598 • Created 50,000 man army • Philip defended Roman Catholicism against Protestantism & Islam • Joined crusade against Ottomans in 1571

  12. Philip II of Spain1527-1598 • Attacked Protestant England under Elizabeth I 1588 & lost • Loss severely weakened Spain • Spanish riches help stimulate a golden age in the arts

  13. Golden Age of Spanish Art • 16th & 17 century art • El Greco & Velazquez • Used warm, bright colors • Focused on religious themes & on monarchy • Cervantes wrote Don Quixote

  14. Philip II of Spain

  15. The Decline of the Spanish Empire • Such a thing as “too much money” • Increase in population led to increase in demand for food & goods • Prices necessarily go up • Too much silver in circulation made value drop

  16. The Decline of the Spanish Empire • Inflation: • Value of money declines (too much of an item lowers the value) • Prices of goods & services increases

  17. The Decline of the Spanish Empire • To offset inflation taxes should be raised • The less silver in circulation, the more the value will rise • Spanish nobles did not pay taxes • Poor never could gain wealth

  18. The Decline of the Spanish Empire • Without gaining wealth, the poor stay poor • With just rich & poor, & no middle class, there will be few businesses & few chances to save the economy • Because of high prices, Spaniards bought their goods abroad

  19. The Decline of the Spanish Empire • Spanish money was flowing into the hands of Spain’s enemies • Philip also spent too much trying to control the Protestant Netherlands

  20. Regroup • What was one of the problems that led to the decline of the Spanish Empire? • What is inflation? • What was one of the great achievements of the Spanish Empire?

  21. Louis XIV of France

  22. The Thirty Years’ War • Religious tension in Europe led to creation of Protestant Union & Catholic League in 1608-09 • Spark of war came in 1618 • Ferdinand of Austria tried to crush Protestants in Bohemia

  23. The Thirty Years’ War • Protestants revolted & war began • Two parts or phases to war • Hapsburg Triumphs & Hapsburg Defeats

  24. The Thirty Years’ War • Hapsburg Triumphs • 1618 – 1630 • Catholic Austrians & Spaniards crushed all • Catholic army allowed to abuse Germany as payment

  25. The Thirty Years’ War • Hapsburg Defeats • 1630 - 1648 • Protestant Swedes joined war in 1630 & tide started to turn • Catholic France joined on side of Protestants!!

  26. The Thirty Years’ War • France feared Hapsburgs more than Protestants • French Catholics sent to fight Austrian & Spanish Catholics • Wanted a strong France above all

  27. The Thirty Years’ War • Results: • Germany wrecked after war • Population down • Economy destroyed

  28. Thirty Years’ War • Peace of Westphalia (1648) • Catholic Hapsburg states weakened • France gained German territory • New method of figuring out peace: everyone sits down to negotiate (less resentment)

  29. Regroup • What was the central issue of the Thirty Years’ War? • Where was the war fought primarily? • Why would the Catholic Cardinal Richelieu want to join with the Protestants in the war against Catholic Austria?

  30. Central Vs. Western Europe

  31. Frederick the Great1712-86 • Known as “Great” because of the success of his reforms • Reformed agriculture (brought in crop rotation, the iron plough and crop rotation) and justice system (court of appeals & lessened bribing of judges)

  32. Frederick the Great1712-86 • Tolerated almost all religions • Personally directed the economy for the benefit of the army • Maintained large army through heavy taxes on the citizens • Peasant education only for reading & writing– did not want them to know they were in a bad position

  33. Frederick the Great

  34. Maria Theresa of Austria(r.1740-80) • Fought War of Austrian Succession against Prussia • Increased taxes on nobility—why? • Strengthened central gov’t at expense of the local gov’ts • Taxed church heavily and confiscated church lands. Threw Jesuits out of Austria

  35. Maria Theresa of Austria(r.1740-80)

  36. Peter The Great of Russia(r. 1672-1725)

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