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Decision Making

Decision Making. The following techniques focus more on logic and critical thinking, especially within the context of applying the scientific approach. Decision Making techniques Analysis Backwards planning Categorizing/classifying Challenging assumptions Inductive/deductive reasoning

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Decision Making

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  1. Decision Making The following techniques focus more on logic and critical thinking, especially within the context of applying the scientific approach. • Decision Making techniques • Analysis • Backwards planning • Categorizing/classifying • Challenging assumptions • Inductive/deductive reasoning • Thinking aloud • Network analysis • Plus-Minus-Interesting

  2. Decision Making Analysis--the identification of the components of a situation and consideration of the relationships among the parts (Bloom, Englehart, Furst, Hill, & Krathwohl, 1956)

  3. Decision Making Backwards planning--a goal selection process where mid-range and short-term conditions necessary to obtain the goal are identified (Case & Bereiter, 1984; Gagne, 1977; Skinner, 1954); this technique is related to the more general technique of means-ends analysis described by Newell and Simon (1972)

  4. Decision Making Pick one Categorizing/classifying--the process of identifying and selecting rules to group objects, events, ideas, people, etc. (Feuerstein, Rand, Hoffman, & Miller, 1980; Sternberg, 1988)

  5. Decision Making Challenging assumptions--the direct confrontation of ideas, opinions, or attitudes that have previously been taken for granted (Bransford & Stein, 1984; Brookfield, 1987); Evaluating/judging--comparison to a standard and making a qualitative or quantitative judgment of value or worth (Bloom et al., 1956)

  6. Decision Making Inductive/deductive reasoning--the systematic and logical development of rules or concepts from specific instances or the identification of cases based on a general principle or proposition using the generalization and inference (e.g., Devine, 1981; Pelligrino, 1985; Sternberg, 1988)

  7. Decision Making Thinking aloud--the process of verbalizing about a problem and its solution while a partner listens in detail for errors in thinking or understanding (Whimby & Lochhead, 1982)

  8. Decision Making Network analysis--a systems approach to project planning and management where relationships among activities, events, resources, and timelines are developed and charted. Specific examples include Program Evaluation and Review Technique and Critical Path Method (Awani, 1983; Handy & Hussain, 1969)

  9. Decision Making Plus-Minus-Interesting (PMI)--considering the positive, negative, and interesting or thought-provoking aspects of an idea or alternative using a balance sheet grid where plus and minus refer to criteria identified in the second step of the problem-solving process (de Bono, 1976; Janis & Mann, 1977)

  10. Decision Making Task analysis--the consideration of skills and knowledge required to learn or perform a specific task (Gagne, 1977; Gardner, 1985).

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