Chapter 17

1. Chapter 17 Land Transportation Systems

2. Objectives • Modes of land transportation. • Different kinds of land vehicles. • Diesel electric locomotives.

3. History of Land Transportation • Centuries ago all cargo had to be carried on peoples hands or backs. • Early travelers created sledges using logs to transport resources. • The invention of the wheel took place over 5000 years ago in the Middle East. • With this advancement came wheeled vehicles drawn by horses and oxen. • Wagons, coaches, and carriages were common modes of transport through most of the nineteenth century. • Animals were used until new technologies such as the steam engine and internal combustion engine were invented.

4. The Development of Vehicle Power • In 1830 the first scheduled passenger train (steam engine) began the American railroad era. • In the 1890s the first internal combustion engine was being used. • By the early 1900s Henry Ford began mass producing gasoline engine automobiles.

5. The Development of Roadways • The ancient Chinese, Egyptians, and Incas all built roads to connect their cities together. • The Romans were the most sophisticated road builders. They built wide roads and paved them with stones. • The development of roads was critical to the expansion of the United States.

6. The Development of the Railroads • The first railway was developed in England in the sixteenth century. They were operated by hand and went back and forth on short runs in mines. • The standard steam engine was developed in 1829. • Towns were established by the railroads. • By the mid 1900s most steam locomotives had been replaced by diesel-electric locomotives. Diesel locomotives produce much less air pollution and can pull 50 to 60 train cars. By placing more than one locomotive, the train can be even longer.

7. Pathways • All land transportation vehicles travel on pathways. • Pathways allow natural barriers to be crossed. • Mountains are tunneled and rivers are bridged. • Roads, highways, and sidewalks are examples of non fixed pathways. • A railway and a subway are two examples of fixed pathways. • Pipelines are examples of stationary pathways.

8. Modes of Land Transportation • Highway Land Transportation: Highway land transportation is the movement of people or cargo on roadways and highways. • Rail Land Transportation: Railway lines form a network of tracks across the country. They move people and cargo. • Pipeline Transportation: Pipelines are use to transport oil, natural gas, water, coal, and gravel. Today pipelines are made of steel or plastic. • On Site Transportation: Material handling devices are vehicles used to transport cargo within buildings or complexes. The most popular people moving vehicle is the elevator. • Recreational Land Transportation: Bicycles may be the most popular recreational vehicle.

9. Summary • Animals were used until new technologies such as the steam engine and internal combustion engine were invented. • The standard steam engine was developed in 1829. • By the mid 1900s most steam locomotives had been replaced by diesel-electric locomotives. Diesel locomotives produce much less air pollution and can pull 50 to 60 train cars. • Roads, highways, and sidewalks are examples of non fixed pathways. • A railway and a subway are two examples of fixed pathways. • Pipelines are examples of stationary pathways. • Roads, highways, and sidewalks are examples of non fixed pathways. • A railway and a subway are two examples of fixed pathways. • Pipelines are examples of stationary pathways. • On Site Transportation: Material handling devices are vehicles used to transport cargo within buildings or complexes. The most popular people moving vehicle is the elevator. • Recreational Land Transportation: Bicycles may be the most popular recreational vehicle.

10. Home Work • 1. When and why were steam locomotives replaced by diesel-electric locomotives? • 2. Give two examples and uses of on site transportation.