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Public-private competition How to achieve fair competition in the waste management sector Examples from Sweden

Public-private competition How to achieve fair competition in the waste management sector Examples from Sweden. Carl Cederschold Avfall Sverige Sweden. AVFALL SVERIGE – SWEDISH WASTE MANAGEMENT.

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Public-private competition How to achieve fair competition in the waste management sector Examples from Sweden

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  1. Public-private competitionHow to achieve fair competition in the waste management sectorExamples from Sweden Carl Cederschold Avfall Sverige Sweden

  2. AVFALL SVERIGE – SWEDISH WASTE MANAGEMENT • Avfall Sverige - Swedish Waste Management organises Waste Management and the Recycling Sector in Sweden • Avfall Sverige have 400 members, primarily within the public sector, but also private enterprises in the area of waste management and treatment. • Our aims are to create networks, provide information and influence Decision Makers to recognise the waste sector as an important part of the national infrastructure • Our members employ 12 000 people with an estimated total annual turnover of 1,32 billion €

  3. Sweden (July 31, 2007) • Population: 9, 150, 508 • Land area: 449 964 km2 • 84 % of population in urban areas (1,3 % of total land area) • GDP: 3,5 % • 290 municipalities with local governance • Member of European Union 1994

  4. Swedish Waste Statistics for municipal waste

  5. Infrastructure • 3 000 000 collection points for household waste • 13 000 drop off centres for batteries • 7 000 drop off centres for packaging waste and waste paper • 1 000 recycling centres for bulky waste, garden waste, hazardous waste etc. • 120 landfills • 29 waste to energy facilities • 35 organic waste recycling facilities (20 composting and 15 digestion plants with biogas production) • Material recycling facilities (20 sorting plants, one glass recycling unit, a few plastic recycling plants, paper mills and steel works)

  6. Waste Responsibilities Three parties with legislated responsibilities concerning waste • The waste producer /the waste generator • The producer of goods with legislated responsibility(Packaging of all materials, waste paper, tyres, cars, electrical and electronic waste, batteries) • The municipalities for household waste (Env. Code ch. 15 § 5a) Household waste ”Waste from households and similar waste from other activities” (Env. Code ch. 15 § 2) • Includes small businesses, restaurants, shops etc

  7. The municipal responsibility concerning waste • To certify the collection, transport and recovery or disposal of household waste generated within all areas of the municipality • Local Regulations, including sorting of waste • Local Waste Plans, including all waste generated in the municipality • Local Waste information, including collection of waste under producer’s responsibility • Voluntary waste charges (usually for landowners)

  8. Operators on the Swedish Waste Market (non-municipal waste) Number of operators • Municipal authorities • Individual authorities almost all 290 • Joint municipal authorities 6 • Municipally owned companies • Single municipality 106 • Co-ownership (municipalities in a region) 15 • State owned companies 1 • Public-private; shared ownership of a company 1 • Private ownership of companies (shareholder & private equities) • National 2 • Regional 5-10 • Local (small) > 50

  9. Market shares • Collection of household waste including waste paper and packaging waste • 70% private sector - 30% public sector • Ownership of treatment operations for household waste • Material recycling: 100% private sector • Organic waste recycling: 90% public sector • Incineration with energy recovery: 80% public sector • Landfill: 80% public sector • Treatment of non-household waste in same plants as household waste • Collection of non-household waste • 95% private sector - 5% public sector

  10. Municipally owned companies • Established under Swedish law to perform obligatory services of general interest • Owned by single municipality or several municipalities in a region • Only one company legislation in Sweden. All companies under the exact same legislation regardless of who the owner is. • Identical VAT, legislation, employment, retirement, auditing etc. • Employees usually in the same labour organisation regardless of public or private ownership. • Only owners interest differ • Long term solutions to services of general interest • No profit within household waste treatment.

  11. Issues regarding competition between public-private operators • Difficult interface between the responsibilities • The definition of household waste • The producer’s responsibility • Demands on the infrastructure • High environmental control, permits etc. • State and municipalities own treatment operations • Incineration, district heating, energy system • Landfills • Public procurement • Increased competition as buyer; no competition as seller • Private companies oppose public owned companies on the market and demand the reduction of competition on the market, • Also oppose municipal authorities on the market, even with market performance

  12. Swedish Waste Statistics for 2006 will soon be published in English on the website www.avfallsverige.se

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