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Jay, Josh, and Ludwig 11 World History

Jay, Josh, and Ludwig 11 World History. Outline. Russian Revolution Russian Civil War Reds Whites Lenin Stalin Trotsky Communism Ideologies. 1917 Russian Revolution. February Revolution.

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Jay, Josh, and Ludwig 11 World History

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  1. Jay, Josh, and Ludwig 11 World History

  2. Outline • Russian Revolution • Russian Civil War • Reds • Whites • Lenin • Stalin • Trotsky • Communism Ideologies

  3. 1917 Russian Revolution February Revolution • several days of demonstrations in Petrograd (formally St Petersburg) the government orders troops to open fire. • The next day these troops mutiny • Tsar resigns when he hears that Moscow too has joined the Revolution.

  4. Revolution cont. • April 20 - 21 (The April Days): Opposition to the Foreign Minister Milyukov boils over due to his refusal to renounce annexations. • May: Milyukov resigns. Members of the Mensheviks and the Socialist Revolutionaries join the government. • June 3: First All-Russia Congress of Workers and Soldiers Soviets opens. • June 18: Offensive launched by Russia against Austria Hungary. • July 3 - 4: (The July Days.)Workers and soldiers in Petrograd demand the Soviet takes power. • Trotsky arrested. • Lenin goes into hiding. A new provisional government is set up with Kerensky at it's head (8th). • August: The Kornilov takeover. An attempt by General Kornilov to establish a right wing dictatorship • Chernov the leader of the Socialist Revolutionaries resigns from the government denouncing Kerensky for complicity in the plot. • Sept: The Bolsheviks win control of the Petrograd Soviet. • In the countryside peasant seizure of land from the higher class continues and reaches the level of near insurrection in Tambov.

  5. Revolution cont. • Oct: The Bolsheviks overthrow the Provisional government • Oct 26/27: Soviet proclamations on land and peace. • Nov 2: Bolsheviks gain Moscow • Nov 7: Ukraine proclaimed independent by the Central Rada. • Nov 12-14; Elections to the Constituent Assembly. Socialist Revolutionaries the largest party. • Dec: Congress of Socialist Revolutionaries results in victory for the left under Chernov. Likewise Menshevik Congress gives victory to Martov's Menshevik internationalists.

  6. Civil War - 1918 - 1921 • Whites and Reds • Stalin vs. Lenin • Communism vs. Bolshevik Communism • Whites, attacked across the Urals from Siberia • Reds, rebuffed these attacks, and survived, and by late 1920 had driven the Whites back into the Black Sea, the Baltic and the Pacific • This caused hundreds of thousands of White soldiers and civilians to emigrate • Trotsky was able to build a Red Army more effective than, the experienced White generals

  7. Reds • Lenin • Bolshevik Communism • Controlled Petrograd, Moscow and the central Russian heartland • Took advantage of internal lines of communication, utilized the railways, arsenals and the economy of the most populous provinces of the former empire • managed to arm, man and maneuver an army of about five million soldiers, by 1921 • used terror most ruthlessly

  8. Whites • Stalin • Communism • Controlled rest of Russia • never commanded forces totalling more than 250,000 men • separated from each other by huge distances • based around the less developed peripheries of Russia. • underestimated the Bolsheviks' capacity to resist • exhibited only brutality, venality, disorder and a lack of political and military direction

  9. Lenin • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCu59_5dGPk&feature=related • Birth: April 22, 1870 • Death: January 21, 1924 • Place of Birth: Simbirsk, Russia • Term: 1918-1924 • Developed techniques for recruiting and training a disciplined professional revolutionary party • creating a model that influenced revolutions in China and Cuba

  10. Lenin cont. • 1895: Was jailed for his involvement in organizing Marxist activities • 15 months in prison, then was sentenced to three years of exile • 1903: Created a rift at the Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party by insisting that membership be limited to a small core • his supporters were thereafter known as Bolsheviks, his opponents known as Mensheviks • 1917: Convinced a majority of the Bolsheviks to seize power from the provisional government • founded the Socialist state, and formed a coalition government with the Left Socialist Revolutionaries • 1918 Split with the Left Social Revolutionaries and renamed the Bolsheviks the Russian Communist Party • launched the Red Terror, a campaign to eliminate political opponents among the civilian population; • survived an assassination attempt • Did you know: Saint Petersburg was known as Leningrad from 1924 to 1991, when it was renamed after the collapse of the Communist government.

  11. Stalin • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkCXtMHCUTc • Date Baptized: December 21,1879 • Death: March 5, 1953 • Place of Birth: Gori, Georgia • Term:1922-1953 • Establishing the USSR as a modern economic and military power that repelled Hitler's armies in World War II and rivaled the United States during the Cold War period

  12. Stalin cont. • 1899: Quit religious studies to join the revolutionary movement against the Russian monarchy • 1903: Joined Lenin's militant Bolshevik faction after the split of the Social Democratic Labor Party • 1928-1929 Initiated a policy of violently taking the lands of farmers, killing agricultural wealth to support industrialization • 1941: Assumed control of the military after Germany invaded the USSR during World War II • Did you Know: As a rebellious youth, he was nicknamed Koba, the name of a notorious Georgian bandit and rebel, before he took the name Stalin • The Russian word Stalin means 'man of steel' • The Russian city of Volgograd, renamed Stalingrad during Stalin's reign, was changed back to the former in 1961

  13. Trotsky • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJIdXL_wPHw • Birth: November 8, 1879 • Death: August 21, 1940 • Place of Birth: Yanovka, Ukraine (then part of the Russian Empire) • Played primary role in the organization of the October phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917 • oversaw the taking of power by the Bolsheviks • organized the Red Army during the resulting civil war

  14. Trotsky cont. • 1898: Was arrested and jailed in Odessa, • exiled to Siberia for his involvement in the founding and activities of the South Russian Workers' Union • 1902: Escaped from exile and fled to London • he joined Lenin and other Russian Social Democrats in the publication of Iskra(The Spark) • 1905: Returned to Saint Petersburg to organize soviets (workers' collectives) and lead the socialist workers' movement • was quickly arrested for his activities • 1917: Joined the Bolsheviks after dropping his opposition to Lenin's demand for an exclusive party • became a member of the Central Committee, lead preparations for the Bolsheviks to seize power • 1918-1921: Organized the Red Army, incorporating former officers from the imperial army, and led them to victory in the Russian Civil War • 1924: Struggled against Joseph Stalin for control of the USSR after the death of Lenin • 1927: Expelled from the Communist Party for his opposition to Stalin, and was expelled from the USSR two years later

  15. Trotsky cont. • Did you Know: In 1940, Trotsky was assassinated in Mexico City by an agent of Stalin who posed as an admirer, then killed him with a pickaxe. • Trotsky was born Lev Davidovich Bronstein. • He first used the name Trotsky on a false passport when he escaped from jail in Odessa.

  16. Communism • Biggest communists: Fidel Castro, Lenin, Stalin and Mao •  A communist is a follower of communism. Communism is anyway a theory which argues with ideologies critically, because they are to his opinion after only product of economic ownership structures. The communism would want social change in favour of a classless society fight by revolution. Besides, the revolutionising subject is the working class which will represent by a group of occupational revolutionaries, for a communist himself in claim takes the interests of the working class to represent.

  17. Communism Ideologies cont. • However, the communism is at the same time a certain view about how the history has run off. For communistic changes in the history, i.e. wars, developments, revolutions are always an origin of class conflicts. The concept of the class society is central anyhow in the communism and penetrates their vocabulary. The communist is worldwide in the deepest internal one a humanist and Fighting against exploitation and suppression of wage earners, all the same which race, which religion or which gender. Today many communists consider in the attempts to realise the communism a betrayal in the original ideas Marx' and Engel’s.

  18. Bibliography • www.bbc.co.uk • www.barnsdle.demon.co.uk • http://encarta.msn.com/

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