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Mini Bang at Big Accelerators Prashant Shukla Institute of Physics University of Heidelberg

Mini Bang at Big Accelerators Prashant Shukla Institute of Physics University of Heidelberg. Presentation at ISA, 30 January 2005, Heidelberg, Germany. Outline. What is an Atom, Nucleus ? Nuclear Physics Experiment ? A Particle Accelerator ? A Nuclear Detector ?

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Mini Bang at Big Accelerators Prashant Shukla Institute of Physics University of Heidelberg

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  1. Mini Bang at Big Accelerators Prashant Shukla Institute of Physics University of Heidelberg Presentation at ISA, 30 January 2005, Heidelberg, Germany

  2. Outline • What is an Atom, Nucleus ? • Nuclear Physics Experiment ? • A Particle Accelerator ? • A Nuclear Detector ? • Structure within nucleus ? • New state of matter- Quark Gluon Plasma • History of the Universe • The Idea of the Big Bang • Big Bang in Lab • Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN • The ALICE Experiment • The TRD (Transition Radiation Detector) • Computer Simulations • The studies done on the computer

  3. An Atom The smallest unit of any substance which decides ist chemical properties Nucleus size ~ 10^(-14) meter Atom ~ 10^(-10) meter e e e e

  4. The Nucleus All the mass of atom is inside nucleus

  5. Nuclear Physics Experiment Energetic particles are used to see the nucleus and ist constituent which can not be seen by any optical microscope. Detector Gold nucleus Charge = +79 Alpha particle Smaller the size you want to probe larger the energy of the probe particle

  6. A Particle Accelerator A charged particle when passes through a high voltage difference it gains energy or accelerated +V +q Energy Gained E = qV An electron passes through 1 volt gains 1 eV of energy 1 MeV = 10^6 eV 1 TeV = 10^12 eV

  7. Modern Particle Accelerator Voltage Time

  8. A Multi-Accelerator ComplexThe Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider – RHIC PHENIX 100 A GeV 95 A MeV 10.8 A GeV 1 A MeV

  9. Relativistic Heavy Ion Accelerators in the world

  10. A Detector +V -V

  11. Structure within nucleus Ordinary matter is made of up and down quarks

  12. Force between two quarks gluons quark quark Compare to gravitational force at Earth’s surface Quarks exert 16300 Kg of force on each other!

  13. Introduction to Quark Gluon Plasma Quarks are Freely moving inside proton but,  Forbidden to come outside qqq Proton Increase hadron Density --- Compressing Or increase K. E. of hadrons --- Heating qgq qgqq qq n p pi n p pi p n pi p The unverse is supposed to have started from this soup Hadrons Phase Transition QGP

  14. History of the Universe Weber

  15. The Idea of the Big Bang Three main ideas under the big bang model • The universe cools as it expands • In very early times, the universe was mostly radiation • The hotter the universe, the more energetic photons are available to make matter and anti-matter Weber The full story can be emerged if we produce conditions similar to BIG BANG: Produce a temperature of 10^13 K

  16. How to produce heat

  17. PARTICLES! Heavy Ion Collisions Weber , e+e-, + KpnDd, J/Y,…

  18. LHC at CERN SPS 1986-2003 Pb upto 20 AGeV LHC 2007 upto 5.5 ATeV CERN

  19. HMPID PID (RICH) @ high pt TOF PID TRD Electron ID PMD  multiplicity TPC Tracking, dEdx PHOS ,0 MUON -pairs ITS Low pt tracking Vertexing The ALICE Experiment Y Z X

  20. Expected dilepton invariant mass spectrum (Schematic) Heavy Ion Collisions at LHC 5.5 TeV

  21. The TRD (Transition Radiation Detector) |eta| < 0.9 45 <Theta <135 • 18 supermodules in phi sector • 6 Radial layers • 5 Z longitudinal stack • 540 chambers • 750m2 active area • 28m3 of gas in total 1.18 million read out channels

  22. TRD Stack used in CERN test beam

  23. HMPID TRD dNch/d ~ 8000 (slice: 2o in  TOF TPC ITS PHOS AliRoot Simulations 5000 PbPb events at 5.5 TeV/nucleon pair

  24. Particle identification with TRD • Transition Radiation photons are generated by charged particles crossing the border between two different di-electric media • Elektron-/pion-discrimination: (p = 5 GeV/c): e- g ~ 10000 pi  ~ 36

  25. Pi efficiency vs electron efficiency

  26. Invariant Mass spectrum e+e- invariant mass Signal/noise with pt-cut

  27. Summary • What is an Atom, Nucleus. • Nuclear Physics Experiment. Accelerator, Detector. • Structure within nucleus ? • New state of matter- Quark Gluon Plasma • History of the Universe • Big Bang in Lab • LHC at CERN, ALICE Experiment • Computer Simulations • The studies done on the computer

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