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‘ TIPP ’. T raining & I nformation P owerpoint P resentation. H 2 S : The Basics. ‘ TIPP ’. Characteristics of H 2 S (Hydrogen Sulphide). H 2 S is a highly toxic colourless gas, with an odour similar to rotten eggs. It is heavier than air and will therefore, settle in low-lying areas.
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‘TIPP’ Training & I nformation Powerpoint Presentation H2S : The Basics
‘TIPP’ Characteristics of H2S(Hydrogen Sulphide) • H2S is a highly toxic colourless gas, with an odour similar to rotten eggs. • It is heavier than air and will therefore, settle in low-lying areas. • And it has a lower explosive limit (4.3%) with an upper explosive limit (45%), this is 5 times greater than the explosive range of petrol.
‘TIPP’ Characteristics of H2S • When ignited, burns with a blue flame and produces sulphur dioxide (SO2)… that is also a toxic gas.
‘TIPP’ Potential Exposures to H2S • Potential exposure to H2S exists during drilling operations at sour crude/sour gas locations, through, recycled mud, water, injection of steam/water to stimulate oil production and during blow-out conditions. • Potential exposure to H2S exists during field maintenance on tanks, voids, wells, seals etc.
‘TIPP’ Potential Exposures to H2S • Potential exposure to H2S also exists when tank gauging, breaking flanges and opening up lines at production, pipeline and refinery facilities. • Entry into confined spaces such as vessels, separators, valve pits, trenches etc, can also be sources of H2S hazards
‘TIPP’ H2S Exposure • Personal exposure to H2S must not exceed 10 parts per million (ppm) in any 8 hours.
‘TIPP’ Personal Effect to H2S Exposure • 10 – 22 ppm Eye Irritation • 20 –100 ppm Corneal blistering (cornea of eye), Opacity of the eye Loss of sense of smell Headache Coughing and Nausea.
‘TIPP’ Personal Effect to H2S Exposure • 100 – 300 ppm Respiratory difficulty and Irritation, Pulmonary Edema. • 300 – 600 ppm Central and Peripheral Nervous System Effect, e.g. Tremors, Weakness, Numbness of Extremities, Unconsciousness and Convulsions.
‘TIPP’ Personal Effect to H2S Exposure • 600 – 1,000 ppm Rapid Unconsciousness resulting in Death if Emergency Aid is not promptly administered. • 1,000 ppm plus Cessation of Breathing (Instantaneous) and Death
‘TIPP’ Essential Awareness and Precautions • Recognise and respect the potential hazard • Always follow the established work procedures • Always monitor concentrations • Always use respiratory protection as set down in the work procedures
‘TIPP’ Rescue in H2S Service • If competent in its use, always wear an air-fed breathing apparatus set before attempting a rescue. Failure to do so could result in you becoming a victim.
‘TIPP’ First Aid in H2S Service • Remove casualty immediately to fresh air. • If casualty is not breathing, start artificial respiration immediately. • If casualty’s heart has stopped, commence cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR). • Keep casualty warm. • Once casualty has been removed to fresh air and normal breathing has been restored, keep under observation until relieved by qualified medical person.
‘TIPP’ Training & I nformation Powerpoint Presentation Thank you for your attention