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The Civil War: Overview and Early Years

This article provides an overview of the Civil War (1861-1865) and focuses on the early years of the conflict. It covers events such as the bombardment at Fort Sumter, the secession of states, the leaders of the Confederate States of America, and the preparations for war. Additionally, it discusses the strategies and goals of both the North and the South, as well as major battles like Bull Run and Antietam.

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The Civil War: Overview and Early Years

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  1. TheCivil War(1861-1865) Mr. GonzalezGrace Christian Academy

  2. The Bombardment at Fort Sumter • Rumors-Southerners going to kidnap Abe Lincoln • Afraid Lincoln would abolish slavery • 7 states seceded, 8 more were on the brink • Jefferson Davis -elected President of the Confederate States of America (CSA) • Sumter-one of 2 remaining US Army forts in the South surrendered • Confederates fired on the flag • 4 more states then seceded (11 total)

  3. Fort Sumter Today

  4. The Leaders of the Confederacy Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens

  5. The Confederate “White House” in Richmond, VA

  6. The Confederate Seal MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”

  7. A Northern View of Jefferson Davis

  8. The Nation prepares for War • 11 states seceded • The slave states of 1. Delaware 2. Maryland 3. Kentucky 4. Missouri All decided to stay with the United States due to divided loyalties • Lincoln called slave states to put down the insurrection • Martial law declared in MD to prevent secession

  9. Secession Map

  10. Rating the North & the South

  11. Slave/Free States Population, 1861

  12. Railroad Lines, 1860

  13. Resources: North & the South

  14. Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

  15. Soldiers’ Occupations: North/South Combined

  16. The Nation prepares for War • 1/3 of the US army left to fight for the Confederate south • Conscription (drafts) instituted on both sides • General Robert E. Lee (Confederate commander) • George McClellan (Union Commander)

  17. Robert E. Lee • Torn, asked by Lincoln to command union army • Turned down Lincoln due to his loyalties to his home state of Virginia • The Best General of the Civil War

  18. General Robert E. Lee

  19. George McClellan • Not a good commander • Suffered major losses in the first 2 years of he war • Lost command to General Ulysses S. Grant

  20. General George McClellan

  21. McClellan: I Can Do It All!

  22. Goals and War Strategies

  23. The North • To preserve the Union-most white Union soldiers cared very little about slavery • To block southern ports (New Orleans and Charleston) and railways • Prevent Southern trade with France and Britain

  24. Overviewofthe North’sCivil WarStrategy: “Anaconda”Plan

  25. The “Anaconda” Plan

  26. The South • To win southern Independence • To preserve the slave plantation way of life • Avoid losing and hope the North gives up • Seek weapons and support from France and Britain

  27. Fighting the war-The Early Years (1861-62) • Both North and the South expected an easy and swift victory-no way and not a chance • The North actually lost many battles in the first 2 years of the war

  28. 1st major battle- Bull Run • 35,000 Union troops vs. 20,000 Confederate troops • People picnicked to watch the battle • North lost-troops and spectators fled back to Washington, DC • Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson-held the confederate line • Result: the North was forced to be better trained

  29. Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas)July, 1861 Break for Video

  30. The 1st Battle of Bull Run

  31. The Battle of Shiloh • Shiloh, Tennessee-one of the bloodiest • April 1862 • 20,000 dead on both sides-Union troops almost completely annihilated

  32. War in the East: 1861-1862

  33. Battle of Antietam, MD • September 17, 1862 • A defeat for both the North and the South • The bloodiest day in the history of US wars • 7,000 soldiers killed, 18,000 wounded in just 24 hours • Stopped Lee’s invasion of the North temporarily • Lincoln fired General McClellan for not pursuing Lee

  34. Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” September 17, 1862 23,000 casualties

  35. Lincoln Visits Antietam

  36. Confederate and Union dead at Antietam

  37. Took effect January 1, 1863 Lincoln seized on the “victory” at Antietam “Slaves in areas still in rebellion” would become free became to major reason for the war against the South Would rob the south of its slave labor pool Provided soldiers for the north Purpose-to make France and Britain support the Union cause The Emancipation Proclamation

  38. Emancipation in 1863

  39. Famous Northern Commanders

  40. Ulysses S. Grant

  41. George McClellan

  42. William Tecumseh Sherman

  43. Famous Southern Commanders The Confederacy

  44. Robert E. Lee

  45. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

  46. Nathan Bedford Forrest-one of the founding members of the KKK

  47. George Pickett

  48. African Americans of the War

  49. 215,000 served in the Union army Some black slaves were forced to assist the Confederacy as cooks, arm bearers, grave diggers and servants for officers Half of all blacks who fought for the Union were “Contraband” (runaway slaves) 1864-Lincoln finally granted black troops the same pay as whites Black Soldiers

  50. African-American Recruiting Poster Break for video

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