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Nitrates In Public Groundwater Supplies

Nitrates In Public Groundwater Supplies. Nitrates and Public Water Supplies.

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Nitrates In Public Groundwater Supplies

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  1. Nitrates In Public Groundwater Supplies

  2. Nitrates and Public Water Supplies • Kansas is a large agricultural State with the “perfect storm” for nitrate contamination of groundwater…lots of row crops with commercial fertilizers plus animal agriculture, septic systems, natural occurrence and susceptible soils and geology.

  3. Nitrates and Public Water Supplies Groundwater vs. Surface Water Use

  4. Nitrates and Public Water Supplies Nitrate monitored yearly, all sizes of systems, all sources of water Quarterly nitrate monitoring required if results equal 10 mg/l or greater (20 mg/l for Non-Community Systems) Relaxed Frequency once 4 consecutive quarters show results less than 10 mg/l Monitoring Violation: failure to monitor when required Exceedance Violation: result greater than MCL of 10 mg/l Public Notification Requirements with Violations

  5. Nitrates and Public Water Supplies

  6. Nitrates and Public Water Supplies

  7. Nitrates and Public Water Supplies Nitrates in GW can cause: BLUE BABY SYNDROME • Methemoglobinemia, caused by excessive nitrate in groundwater, called blue baby syndrome, reduces the ability of the red blood cells to carry oxygen. The acutely poisoned person will have a blue discoloration of the skin due to the reduction of oxygen in the blood. • The condition can be fatal. Current EPA MCL = 10mg/L

  8. Nitrates and Public Water Supplies Common Treatment Options for Nitrates R.O. Membrane Technology – Reverse Osmosis is a pressure-driven membrane separation process. Water is forced through a membrane with small pores by pressure. Any molecules larger than the pore openings are excluded from the product stream along with a significant portion of the water. Treated water is collected on the other side.–Relatively expensive and requires more elaborate controls and management More commonly used for Point of Use (POU) systems on private home wells or very small communities. May solve multi-issues in source water.

  9. Nitrates and Public Water Supplies Common Treatment Options for Nitrates Ion Exchange • Most common for Small PWS Systems • In the ion exchange process special NO3 specific resins are used to substitute chloride ions (C1-) for the nitrate radical. • Resin beds are made up of millions of tiny spherical beads, which usually are about the size of medium sand grains" The entire process is composed of four major steps to remove the selected ions from solution: 1) Resin recharge 2) Anion exchange 3) Resin becomes "exhausted" 4) Resin regeneration

  10. Nitrates and Public Water Supplies

  11. Nitrates and Public Water Supplies

  12. Nitrates and Public Water Supplies Well grout interval makes all the difference

  13. Nitrates and Public Water Supplies Nitrogen Cycle

  14. Nitrates and Public Water Supplies Questions Contact Info: Thomas C. Stiles Director Bureau of Water Kansas Department of Health & Environment 1000 SW Jackson, Suite 420 Topeka, KS 66612 Tel: 785-296-6170 Fax: 785-559-4257 E-mail: Tom.Stiles@ks.gov

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