Irish and German Immigration to American Cities.

1. Irish and German Immigration to American Cities. By: Adam Bergman

2. Immigration to America • The immigration led the Irish and German to New York . • Immigrants settled in eastern towns and major port cities.

3. The Immigrants • The boats that the immigrants sailed on were often called Coffin Ships

4. Coffin Ships • Coffin Ships were crowed and full of disease with poor access to food and water, resulting in deaths of many people as they crossed the Atlantic

5. Irish Immigrants

6. Irish Immigration • Many Irish fled to Boston • In one year, Boston’s Irish population jumped from 30,000 to 100,000

7. Who They Were • Most Irish were farmers who had lost crops in the Great Potato famine and had to search for a new way of living

8. How Many Came? • Nearly 2,000,000 Irish migrated in the 1840’s • Most Irish migrated near Boston • 3.5 million Irish came. 1820-1880

9. Why They Came • The Irish Famine made millions flee from Ireland in the late 1840’s and early 1850’s

10. The Irish Potato Famine • Was a period of mass starvation in Ireland • About one million people died

11. Discrimination • Employers would place signs with NINA written across the front. NINA stood for No Irish Need Apply, and would place these signs with the No Dogs allowed signs.

12. Prejudice • The Irish did not face the prejudice in New York as they did in Boston • Bostonians believed the Irish were a servant race

13. German Immigration • German immigration was second only to the Irish in the 1830’s and 1840’s • Then the Germans took the lead, making up over one-third of the total in the 1850’s and 1860’s

14. German immigration chart

15. German Immigration • Came because they wanted religious freedom. • Others came because of political reasons. • There were crop failures in Germany.

16. Who They Were • Most Germans were also farmers. Some were craftsman. Germans had a reputation for being hard working, loyal and thrifty.

17. How Many Came? • 152,000 Germans migrated a year • Over half of them went to P.A. • 1/3 population of the state were Germans

18. New Jobs • Upon arriving in America, many German men took jobs as plumbers and steamfitters • German women worked as bakers, tailors, saloon keepers and hotel keepers