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Poverty and Social Exclusion of Roma in Europe

Poverty and Social Exclusion of Roma in Europe. Iulius Rostas and Christian Bodewig Washington, DC,17 October 2007. The Roma - Europe’s largest and most vulnerable minority. Size of Europe’s Roma population: estimates vary between 7m and 9m

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Poverty and Social Exclusion of Roma in Europe

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  1. Poverty and Social Exclusion of Roma in Europe Iulius Rostas and Christian Bodewig Washington, DC,17 October 2007

  2. The Roma - Europe’s largest and most vulnerable minority • Size of Europe’s Roma population: estimates vary between 7m and 9m • 70 percent of the population lives in Central and Eastern Europe, and nearly 80 percent of these in EU 8+2 countries or are in accession negotiations. • Demographics: Roma substantially younger than non-Roma population • Diversity in culture, language, religious affiliation

  3. Estimated Roma Populations

  4. Why are Roma poor? • Survey data from Hungary, Slovakia and beyond suggest that Roma poverty rates are a multiple of those for non-Roma population: e.g. Hungary in 2000 40.3% vs 6.9% below $4.30 PPP poverty line • Evidence of persistent pockets of poverty in countries where overall living standards have risen • A vicious cycle of poverty and exclusion • Unfavorable starting position • Low education levels and missing skills • High long-term unemployment • Poor housing conditions • Poor health and nutritional status • Segregation, social exclusion and discrimination

  5. Education: Key issue in exclusion but also entry point Years of education completed by ethnicity, 2003 20-28 year olds

  6. Multiple dimensions of Roma poverty in settlements in Slovakia Roma Poverty is linked to: • Regional economic conditions; • Degree of integration or segregation (proximity of settlements to non-Roma); • Concentration of Roma (crowding and size of the settlement); • Share of Roma/non-Roma in the settlement.

  7. Decade of Roma Inclusion 2005-2015 • Launched by Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Croatia, Hungary, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia in 2005 • Marks 10 year commitment to improve Roma living standards, based on action plans in: • Education: promote access and quality at all levels, reduce desegregation, train teachers and provide assistants • Employment: raise qualification and skills, boost activation measures • Housing: desegregation of settlements and improved quality of housing • Health: improve access and information • Framework for monitoring and evaluation, Roma participation and international cooperation

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