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Life in the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution Spreads

Life in the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution Spreads. Chapter 9.1. New Industrial Powers emerge. Great Britain was the first nation to industrialize It tried to protect this head start by making rules against exporting inventions

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Life in the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution Spreads

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  1. Life in the Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution Spreads Chapter 9.1

  2. New Industrial Powers emerge • Great Britain was the first nation to industrialize • It tried to protect this head start by making rules against exporting inventions • By the mid 1800s, other nations in Europe—as well as the United States—caught up to Britain in the race to industrialize. • Germany, France, and the United States caught up to Britain quickly. • How? • Abundant natural resources and borrowed British technology

  3. Centers of industry were scattered across Europe and the United States by 1871.

  4. The world industrialized unevenly. • The nations of eastern and southern Europe industrialized slowly. • They lacked natural resources, capital, or ideal political conditions. • However, Japan, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand all industrialized during the late 1800s and built thriving economies. • The effects of industrialization were both positive and negative • People worked very long hours in dangerous factories. • But new goods became widely available at low prices.

  5. Technology sparks Industrial Growth • William Kelly and Henry Bessemer invented a new process for making steel. • Steel production soared! • Steel was so cheap and strong, it became the main material used to make tools, bridges, and railroads.

  6. Innovations in chemistry and electricity changed how industry operated in the late 1800s. • Alfred Nobel • Dynamite,1866 • Michael Faraday • First simple electric motor and the dynamo, Late 1800s • Thomas Edison • Electric light bulb, 1870s

  7. New methods of production improved efficiency in factories. • Manufacturers designed products with interchangeable parts. • Workers on an assembly line added these parts to the product as it moved along a belt through the factory. • Goods were produced quickly and became cheaper

  8. Transportation and Communication advances • Transcontinental railroads linked cities together. • Cars were developed • Breath taking speed of….25 MPH!!! By Henry Ford • The internal combustion engine also made sustained flight possible. Orville and Wilbur Wright flew the first airplane at Kitty Hawk, NC in 1903.

  9. Communication • Samuel Morse • Telegraph,1844 • Alexander Graham Bell • Telephone,1876 • Guglielmo Marconi • Radio, Late 1890s

  10. Business takes a New Direction • Company owners sold stock to investors to get the capital, or money, needed to invest in new technology. • Companies became corporations, businesses owned by many stockholders. • Business leaders created monopolies and cartelsin their pursuit of profit. • This created a debate between those who saw big business as positive and those who viewed it negatively. Reformers called for laws to break up monopolies and regulate corporations.

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