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The 1820s-1830s: Revolutions

The 1820s-1830s: Revolutions. The Congress of Vienna. The leading statesmen at Vienna underestimated the new nationalism and liberalism generated by the French Revolution. The “Concert” of Europe System .

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The 1820s-1830s: Revolutions

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  1. The 1820s-1830s: Revolutions

  2. The Congress of Vienna The leading statesmen at Vienna underestimated the new nationalism and liberalism generated by the French Revolution.

  3. The “Concert” of Europe System The principle of collective security was established. Their goal was to define and monitor the status quo.

  4. 19c Conservatism Conservatism: reaction to liberalism & became a popular alternative for those frightened by the French Revolution.

  5. Characteristics of Conservatism Stability & longevity, not progress and change, mark a good society. • Denounced individualism and natural rights. Society was hierarchical.

  6. Revolutionary Movements in the Early 19th Century

  7. Wallachia & Moldavia Independence Movementsin the Balkans

  8. Greek Revolution - 1821 1827  Battle of Navarino • Br, Fr, Rus destroyed the Ottoman-Egyptian fleet 1828  Rus declared war on Ottoman Empire Lord Byron – Martyr in Greece

  9. The Decembrist Uprising - 1825 Results: • The first rebellion in modern Russian history where the rebels had specific political goals. • In their martyrdom, the Decembrists came to symbolize the dreams/ideals of all Russian liberals.

  10. The 1830 Revolutions

  11. France: The “Restoration” Era (1815-1830) France emerged from the chaos of its revolutionary period as the most liberal large state in Europe. Louis XVIII governed France as a Constitutional monarch. Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)

  12. The “Ultras” France was divided by those who had accepted the ideals of the Revolution and those who didn’t. 1815 “White Terror” • Royalist mobs killed 1000s of former revolutionaries. The Count of Artois,the future King Charles X (r. 1824-1830)

  13. King Charles X of France (1824-1830) Goals: • Lessen the influence of the middle class. • Limit the right to vote. • Put the clergy back in charge of education. • Public money used to pay nobles for the loss of their lands during the French Revolution.

  14. King Charles X of France (r. 1824-1830) July Ordinances • He dissolved parliament • Strict censorship imposed • Changed the voting laws

  15. To the Barricades! Revolution, Again! Workers, students and some of the middle class call for a Republic!

  16. Louis Philippe: The “Citizen King” • Property qualifications reduced (doubled eligible voters) • Press censorship abolished. His government ignored the needs of workers in cities (r. 1830-1848)

  17. Belgian Independence, 1830 • Wide cultural differences: • North  Dutch  Protestant  seafarers and traders. • South  French  Catholic  farmers and individual workers.

  18. Polish Nationalism 1830 The bloodiest struggle of the 1830 revolutions Lack of Polish unity: split into moderates & radicals

  19. Results of 1820s-1830 Revolutions The Concert of Europe provided for a recovery of Europe The conservatives did NOT reverse ALL of the reforms Liberalism challenged conservative plan for law and order Workers generally ignored by successful Middle Class

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