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NANOTECHNOLOGY

NANOTECHNOLOGY. Filip Lalin ,3.A. CONTENTS. About History and origin of nanotechnology Approaches Applications of nanotechnology. WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?. Nanotechnology (shorter "nanotech”) is t he understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 1oo nanometers.

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NANOTECHNOLOGY

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  1. NANOTECHNOLOGY Filip Lalin,3.A

  2. CONTENTS • About • History and origin of nanotechnology • Approaches • Applications of nanotechnology

  3. WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY? • Nanotechnology (shorter "nanotech”) isthe understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 1oo nanometers. • A nanometer is one billionth of a meter. • The width of three or four atoms.

  4. HISTORY • 2000 Years Ago - Sulfide nanocrystalsusedbyGreeksandRomans to dyehair. • 1000 Years Ago – Goldnanoparticlesofdifferentsizesused to producedifferentcolorsinstainedglasswindows. • 1959 – Thefirstconceptdiscussedby renowned physicist Richard Feynman in his talk There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom. • 1974 – „Nanotechnology” – NorioTaniguchiusesthetermnanotechnology for thefirst time. • 1981 – IBM developsScanningTunnelingMicroscope. • 1985 – „Buckyball” – Scientists at Rice universityandUniversityofSussexdiscover C60. • 1986 - K. Eric Drexler independently used the term "nanotechnology" in his 1986 book Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology • 1991 – Carbon nanotube discovered by Sumio Lijima „BUCKY BALL”

  5. NANOTUBE • A nanotube is a nanometer-scale tube-like structure. It may refer to: • Carbon nanotube • Silicon nanotube • Boron nitride nanotube • Inorganic nanotube • DNA nanotube • Membrane nanotube Buckminsterfullerene C60, also known as the „buckyball”, is a representative member of the carbon structures known as fullerenes.

  6. APPROACHES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY • Top-down approach • Bottom-up approach

  7. TOP-DOWN APPROACH • These seek to create smaller devices by using larger ones to direct their assembly. • Usually top-down approach is used less then bottom-up approach • Solid-state silicon methods. • They cancreatefeatures smaller than 100 nm. This device transfers energy from nano-thin layers of quantum wells to nanocrystals above them, causing the nanocrystals to emit visible light.

  8. BOTTOM-UP APPROACH • Assembling nano materials atom – by – atom or molecule – by – molecule (self assembling). • This approach is much cheaper. • Things become much larger. • Examples of molecule self assembly are Watson–Crick basepairing and nano-lithoghraphy.

  9. APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

  10. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINE • Medical use of nanomaterials: • Drug delivery • Cancer • Surgery • Tissue engineering • Visualization

  11. DRUG DELIVERY (CANCER) • Enable drugs to be delivered to precisely the right location in body. • Drug is attached to a nanosized carrier. • Side-effects canbe lowered significantly. • Reduces cost and human suffering. • Cancertreatment with iron nanoparticles or gold shells. • Current treatment is throught radiationtherapy or chemotherapy.

  12. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINE • ANTI –MICROBIAL TECHNIQUES • Nanoparticle cream • Nanocapsules • Cell repairs using nanorobots

  13. A schematic illustration showing how nanoparticles or other cancer drugs might be used to treat cancer.

  14. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRONICS • WAYS OF IMPROVEMENT: • Allowingmore transistors to be packed into a singlechip. • Allowsa higher electron mobility . • Ahigher dielectric constant (faster frequency). • Single electron transistors. • Using electrodes made from nanowires. • Using nanosized magnetic rings.

  15. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN COMPUTERS • Computer processors are more powerful. • Ultra high density memories. • Silcon transistors are replaced by transistors based on carbon nanotubes. • Size of the microprocessors are reduced to greater extend • Memristor-material as a future replacement of Flash memory.

  16. TEXTILE • Increasedelasticity and strength,and bacterial resistance • Nanofabrics gives ordinary materials advantageous properties such as superhydrophobicity (extreme water resistance)

  17. ENERGY • Creating devices smaller than 100 nanometers gives us new ways to capture, store, and transfer energy. • Increasedefficiency of lighting and heating • Increasedelectrical storage capacity • Adecreasein the amount of pollution from the use of energy.

  18. SPORTS • Reducing the rate which air leaks from tennis balls so they keep their bounce longer. • Golfballs to fly straighter. • Bowling balls become more durable and have a harder surface.

  19. FOOD • Nanotechnology is having an impact from how food is grown to how it is packed • Companies are developing nanomaterials that will make a difference not only in taste of food,but also in safety • Zinc oxide nanoparticles can be incorporated into plastic packing to block UV rays and provide anti bacterial protection • Improved strength and stability of plastic packing

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