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THE ELECTRICITY ACT,2003 AND THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY RULES

THE ELECTRICITY ACT,2003 AND THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY RULES. A DISCUSSION REGARDING ELECTRICAL SAFETY PROVISIONS. PRESENTATION STRUCTURE. HISTORY & NEED FOR A NEW ACT THE CONTENTS OF THE ACT PENAL PROVISIONS PROVISIONS ON APPOINTMENT OF CEI/EIGs/AEIs

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THE ELECTRICITY ACT,2003 AND THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY RULES

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  1. THE ELECTRICITY ACT,2003ANDTHE INDIAN ELECTRICITY RULES A DISCUSSION REGARDING ELECTRICAL SAFETY PROVISIONS

  2. PRESENTATION STRUCTURE • HISTORY & NEED FOR A NEW ACT • THE CONTENTS OF THE ACT • PENAL PROVISIONS • PROVISIONS ON APPOINTMENT OF CEI/EIGs/AEIs • SOME I.E.RULES PERTAINING TO ELECTRICAL SAFETY

  3. HISTORY AND NEED FOR A NEW ACT • PRIOR TO ENACTMENT OF THE ELECTRICITY ACT,2003,THE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN INDIA WAS GOVERNED BY: • THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY ACT,1910 • THE ELECTRICITY(SUPPLY) ACT, 1948 • THE ELECTRICITY REGULATORY COMMISSIONS ACT,1998

  4. THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY ACT, 1910 • CREATED THE BASIC FRAMEWORK FOR ELECTRIC SUPPLY IN INDIA • ENVISAGED GROWTH THROUGH PRIVATE LICENSEES • CREATED LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR LAYING DOWN OF WIRES & OTHER WORKS RELATING TO SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY.

  5. THE ELECTRICITY (SUPPLY) ACT, 1948 • MANDATED THE CREATION OF STATE ELECTRICITY BOARDS • MADE SEBs RESPONSIBLE FOR ARRANGING SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY IN THE STATE. • CALLED FOR RAPID EXTENSION OF ELECTRIFICATION WHICH WAS LIMITED TO CITIES BY THEN. • MADE STATES TO FUND THE EXPANSION THROUGH SUCCESSIVE FIVE YEAR PLANS

  6. HOWEVER … OVER A PERIOD OF TIME…..PERFORMANCE OF SEBs DETERIORATED DUE TO VARIOUS FACTORS LIKE: • FIXING OF TARIFF DONE BY STATE GOVTS.(AND NOT SEBs) . • CROSS SUBSIDIES REACHING UNSUSTAINABLE LIMITS • ELECTRICITY REGULATORY COMMISSIONS ACT, 1998 WAS ENACTED AND CENTRAL ERC & STATE ERCs CONSTITUTED UNDER CENTRAL ACT OR REFORMS ACT

  7. WITH ORISSA STATE PIONEERING THE REFORMS DURING 1995 RESULTING INTO UNBUNDLING OF SEBs INTO: • GENERATION • TRANSMISSION, AND • DISTRIBUTION CORPORATIONS,AND HARYANA,A.P.,KARNATAKA,RAJASTHAN,U.P.,DELHI AND M.P. FOLLOWING SUIT

  8. NEED WAS FELT FOR • HARMONISING & RATIONALISING THE PROVISIONS OF ALL THE ABOVE ACTS, AND, THEREFORE, THE ELECTRICITY BILL, 2001 WAS INTRODUCED AND… • FINALISED AFTER EXTENSIVE DISCUSSIONS & CONSULTATIONS WITH STATES & OTHER STAKE HOLDERS AND EXPERTS AND ENACTED AS “THE ELECTRICITY ACT, 2003” AND MADE EFFECTIVE FROM 10TH JUNE, 2003

  9. THE CONTENTS OF THE ACTCONTAINS XVIII PARTS AND 185 SECTIONS • PART I – PRELIMINARY • PART II - NATIONAL ELECTRICITY POLICY AND PLAN • PART III – GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY • PART IV - LICENSING • PART V - TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICITY • PART VI - DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY

  10. PART VII – TARIFF • PART VIII - WORKS • PART IX - CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY • PART X - REGULATORY COMMISSIONS • PART XI - APPELLATE TRIBUNAL FOR ELECTRICITY • PART XII - INVESTIGATION AND ENFORCEMENT • PART XIII – REORGANISATION OF BOARD • PART XIV – OFFENCES AND PENALTY • PART XV - SPECIAL COURTS

  11. PART XVI – DISPUTE RESOLUTION • PART XVII – OTHER PROVISIONS – PROTECTIVE CLAUSES • PART XVIII – MISCELLANEOUS

  12. PENAL CLAUSESOFFENCES AND PENALTIES

  13. WHO CAN IMPOSE THE PENALTY? • SECTION 143 PROVIDES FOR THE ADJUDICATING OFFICER. • APPROPRIATE COMMISSION MAY APPOINT – FOR HOLDING INQUIRY AS PRESCRIBED BY THE APPROPRIATE GOVT.

  14. PART XVII- OTHER PROVISIONS • SECTION 159 – PROTECTION OF RAILWAYS, HIGHWAYS, AIRPORTS & CANALS, DOCKS, WHARFS AND PIERS: “NO PERSON SHALL, IN THE GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION SUPPLY OR USE OF ELECTRICITY, IN ANY WAY INJURE ANY RAILWAY… VESTED IN OR CONTROLLED BY A LOCAL AUTHORITY, OR OBSTRUCT OR INTERFERE WITH THE TRAFFIC ON ANY RAILWAYS….

  15. SECTION 161 – NOTICE OF ACCIDENTS AND INQUIRIES. • 161 (1) – TO ELECTRICAL INSPECTOR • 161 (2) THE APPROPRIATE GOVT., MAY IF THINKS FIT, REQUIRE ANY ELECTRICAL INSPECTOR OR ANY OTHER PERSON APPOINTED BY IT IN THIS BEHALF, TO INQUIRE AND REPORT • (a) AS TO THE CAUSE OF ANY ACCIDENT AFFECTING THE SAFETY OF THE PUBLIC, WHICH MAY HAVE BEEN OCCASIONED BY OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE GENERATION, TRANSMISSIOIN, DISTRIBUTION, SUPPLY OR USE OF ELECTRICITY OR,

  16. (b) AS TO THE MANNER IN, AND EXTENT TO, WHICH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ACT OR RULES AND REGULATIONS MADE THEREUNDER OR OF ANY LICENCE, SO FAR AS THOSE PROVISIONS AFFECT THE SAFETY OF ANY PERSON, HAVEBEEN COMPLIED WITH . • HAVE POWERS OF A CIVIL COURT UNDER CPC 1908 (5 OF 1908) FOR THE PURPOSE OF ENFORCING THE ATTENDANCE OF WITNESSES AND COMPELLING THE PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS AND MATERIAL OBJECTS, AND EVERY PERSON REQUIRED BY AN ELECTRICAL INSPECTOR BE LEGALLY BOUND TO DO SO WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 176 OF THE INDIAN PENAL CODE (45 OF 1860)

  17. PROVISIONS ON APPOINTMENT OF ELECTRICAL INSPECTORS • SECTION 162: APPOINTMENT OF CHIEF ELECTRICAL INSPECTOR AND ELECTRICAL INSPECTORS • 162(1) – APPROPRIATE GOVT., MAY BY NOTIFICATION, APPOINT DULY QUALIFIED PERSONS TO BE CHIEF ELECTRICAL INSPECTOR OR ELECTRICAL INSPECTORS.. • SUCH INSPECTOR SHALL EXPERCISE THE POWERS AND PERFORM THE FUNCTIONS OF A CEIG OR EIG UNDER THIS ACT AND EXERCISE SUCH OTHER POWERS AND PERFORM SUCH OTHER FUNCTIONS AS MAY BE PRESCRIBED WITHIN SUCH AREAS OR IN RESPECT OF SUCH CLASS OF WORKS AND ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND SUBJECT TO SUCH RESTRICTION AS THE APPROPRIATE GOVT. MAY DIRECT. • 162 (2) IN THE ABSENCE OF EXPRESS PROVISION TO THE CONTRARY IN THIS ACT, OR ANY RULE MADE THEREUNDER, AN APPEAL SHALL LIE FROM THE DECISION OF A CHIEF ELECTRICAL INSPECTOR OR AN ELECTRICAL INSPECTOR TO THE APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT OR IF THE APPROPRIATE GOVT., BY GENERAL OR SPECIAL ORDER SO DIRECTS, TO AN APPROPRIATE COMMISSION.

  18. IN EXERCISE OF THE POWERS CONFERRED BY SECTION 162 (1), GOVT OF INDIA HAS THROUGH GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY NOTIFICATION NO.1124 DATED DECEMBER, 17, 2003, APPOINTED THEADDITIONAL MEMBER, ELECTRICAL, RAILWAY BOARDAS THECHIEF ELECTRICAL INSPECTOR (CEI)FOR INDIAN RAILWAYS. • IN ADDITION, 16 ELECTRICALINSPECTORS(EIGs) AND 7 ASST. ELECTRICALINSPECTORS(AEIs)FOR VARIOUS JURISDICTIONS OVER INDIAN RAILWAYS HAVE ALSO BEEN APPOINTED THROUGH THE SAME NOTIFICATION.

  19. SCHEDULE S No. Officer Appointed as Extent of Jurisdiction 1. Addl. Member/Elec/Railway Board CEI All organizations under Ministry of Railways, electrified traction installations of Non-Govt. Railways & Kolkata Metro. 2. Chief Electrical Engineer/Central Railway EIG Central Railway & Konkan Railway Corporation (KRC), electrified traction installations of Mumbai Port Trust. 3. Chief Electrical Engineer/Eastern Railway, EIG Eastern Railway, Kolkata Metro & Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW). 4. Chief Electrical Engineer/East Central Railway EIG East Central Railway

  20. 5. Chief Electrical Engineer/East Coast Railway EIG East Coast Railway 6. Chief Electrical Engineer/Northern Railway EIG Northern Railway, Diesel Component Works (DCW), Rail Coach Factory (RCF) & RDSO 7. Chief Electrical Engineer/North Central Railway EIG North Central Railway 8. Chief Electrical Engineer/North Eastern Railway EIG North Eastern Railway, Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW) 9. Chief Electrical Engineer/North Frontier Railway EIG North Frontier Railway 10. Chief Electrical Engineer/North Western Railway EIG North Western Railway. 11. Chief Electrical Engineer/Southern Railway EIG Southern Railway, Integral Coach Factory (ICF). 12. Chief Electrical Engineer/South Central Railway EIG South Central Railway.

  21. 13. Chief Electrical Engineer/South Eastern Railway EIG South Eastern Railway & electrified traction installations of Port Commissioner of Railways. 14. Chief Electrical Engineer/South East Central Railway EIG South East Central Railway 15. Chief Electrical Engineer/South Western Railway EIG South Western Railway & Rail Wheel Factory. 16. Chief Electrical Engineer/Western Railway EIG Western Railway. 17. Chief Electrical Engineer/West Central Railway EIG West Central Railway 18. Dy.Chief Electrical Engineer/M/CLW AEI Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW) 19. Dy.Chief Electrical Engineer/M/DLW AEI Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW) 20. Dy.Chief Electrical Engineer/M/ICF AEI Integral Coach Factory (ICF) 21. Dy.Chief Electrical Engineer/PS/RCF AEI Rail Coach Factory (RCF) 22. Dy.Chief Electrical Engineer/Rail Wheel Factory AEI Rail Wheel Factory (RWF) 23. Dy.Chief Electrical Engineer/Diesel Component Works, Patiala AEI Diesel Component Works (DCW) 24. Dy.Chief Electrical Engineer/Metro Railway/Kolkata AEI Metro Railway, Kolkata.

  22. POWERS TO MAKE RULES SEC 176: POWERS OF CENTRAL GOVT TO MAKE RULES SEC 177: POWERS OF AUTHORITY TO MAKE REGULATIONS SEC 178: POWERS OF CENTRAL COMMISSION TO MAKE REGULATIONS SEC 179: RULES AND REGULATIONS TO BE LAID BEFORE PARLIAMENT SEC 180: POWERS OF STATE GOVTs TO MAKE RULES SEC 181: POWERS OF STATE COMMISSIONS TO MAKE REGULATIONS SEC 182: RULES AND REGULATIONS TO BE LAID BEFORE STATE LEGISLATURE

  23. SOME I.E.RULES PERTAINING TO ELECTRICAL SAFETY WHEREAS THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY RULES AFTER THE PROMULGATION OF THE ELECTRICITY ACT, 2003 ARE YET TO BE FRAMED AND ISSUED, THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY RULES, 1956 FRAMED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF SECTION 37 OF THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY ACT, 1910 HAS THE FOLLOWING PROVISIONS IN SO FAR AS IT RELATES TO ELECTRICAL SAFETY:

  24. RULE30: SERVICE LINES AND APPARATUS ON CONSUMER PREMISES. RULE 30 (1): THE SUPPLIER OF ELECTRICITY SHALL ENSURE THAT ALL ELECTRIC SUPPLY LINES, WIRES, FITTINGS AND APPARATUS BELONGING TO HIM OR UNDER HIS CONTROL WHICH ARE ON A CONSUMER’S PREMISES ARE IN A SAFE CONDITION AND IN ALL RESPECTS FIT FOR SUPPLYING ENERGY AND THE SUPPLIER SHALL TAKE DUE PRECAUTIONS TO AVOID DANGER ARISING ON SUCH PREMISES FROM SUCH SUPPLY LINES, WIRES, FITTINGS AND APPARATUS.

  25. RULE 31 – CUTOUT ON CONSUMER PREMISES RULE 31(1): THE SUPPLIER SHALL PROVIDE A SUITABLE CUTOUT IN EACH CONDUCTOR OF EVERY SERVICE LINES OTHER THAN AN EARTHED, NEUTRAL CONDUCTOR OR THE EARTHED EXTERNAL CONDUCTOR OF A CONCENTRIC CABLE WITHIN THE CONSUMER’S PREMISES IN AN ACCESSIBLE POSITION. SUCH CUTOUT SHALL BE CONTAINED WITHIN AN ADEQUATELY ENCLOSED FIRE PROOF RECEPTACLE. WHERE MORE THAN ONE CONSUMER SUPPLIED THROUGH A COMMON SERVICE LINE, EACH SUCH CONSUMER SHALL BE PROVIDED WITH AN INDEPENDENT CUTOUT AT THE POINT OF JUNCTION TO THE COMMON SERVICE.

  26. RULE 32 – IDENTIFICATION OF EARTHED AND EARTHED NEUTRAL CONDUCTORS AND POSITION OF SWITCHES AND CUTOUT THEREIN. RULE 33 - EARTHED TERMINAL ON CONSUMER’S PREMISES: RULE 33(1): THE SUPPLIER SHALL PROVIDE AND MAINTAIN ON THE CONSUMER’S PREMISES FOR THE CONSUMER’S USE A SUITABLE EARTHED TERMINAL IN AN ACCESSIBLE POSITION AT OR NEAR THE POINT OF COMMENCEMENT OF SUPPLY AS DEFINED UNDER RULE 58.

  27. RULE 34: ACCESSIBILITY OF BARE CONDUCTORS. • WHERE BARE CONDUCTORS ARE USED IN A BUILDING, THE OWNER OF SUCH CONDUCTORS SHALL • ENSURE THAT THEY ARE INACCESSIBLE • b) PROVIDE IN READILY ACCESSIBLE POSITION SWITCHES FOR RENDERING THEM DEAD WHENEVER NECESSARY • c) TAKE SUCH OTHER SAFETY MEASURES AS ARE CONSIDERED NECESSARY BY THE INSPECTOR.

  28. RULE 35 – CAUTION NOTICES THE OWNER OF EVERY MEDIUM, HIGH AND EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE INSTALLATION SHALL AFFIX PERMANENTLY IN A CONSPICUOUS POSITION A CAUTION NOTICE IN HINDI AND THE LOCAL LANGUAGE OF THE DISTRICT AND OF A TYPE APPROVED BY THE INSPECTOR ON a) EVERY MOTOR, GENERATOR, TRANSFORMER AND OTHER ELECTRICAL PLANT AND EQUIPMENT TOGETHER WITH APPARATUS USED FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING THE SAME b) ALL SUPPORTS OF HIGH AND EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE OVERHEAD LINES. c) LUMINOUS TUBE SIGN REQUIRING HIGH VOLTAGE SUPPLY, X-RAY AND SIMILAR HIGH FREQUENCY INSTALLATIONS

  29. RULE 36: HANDLING OF ELECTRIC SUPPLY LINES APPARATUS. ALL SUPPLY CONDUCTORS TO BE TESTED ELECTRICALLY AND EARTHED BEFORE HANDLING THEM. RULE 36 (2): NO PERSON SHALL WORK ON ANY LIVE ELECTRIC SUPPLY LINE OR APPARATUS AND NO PERSON SHALL ASSIST SUCH PERSON AND SUCH WORK, UNLESS HE IS AUTHORISED IN THAT BEHALF, AND TAKES THE SAFETY MEASURES APPROVED BY THE INSPECTOR.

  30. RULE 37: SUPPLY TO VEHICLES, CRANES ETC. ENERGY SUPPLY FROM EXTERNAL SOURCE TO BE EFFICIENTLY CONTROLLED BY A SUITABLE SWITCH ENABLING ALL VOLTAGE TO BE CUT OFF IN ONEOPERATION AND WHERE SUCH VEHICLE, TRAVELLING CRANE OR THE LIKE RUNS ON METAL RAILS, THE OWNER SHALL ENSURE THE RAILS ARE ELECTRICALLY CONTINUOUS AND EARTHED.

  31. RULE 43: PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT RULE 43(1): FIRE BUCKETSFILLED WITH CLEAN DRY SAND AND READY FOR IMMEDIATE USE FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES IN ADDITION TO FIRE EXTINGUISHERS SUITABLE FOR DEALING WITH ELECTRIC FIRES SHALL BE CONSPICUOUSLY MARKED AND KEPT IN ALL GENERATING STATIONS, ENCLOSED SUBSTATIONS AND ENCLOSED SWITCH STATIONS IN CONVENIENT SITUATIONS. RULE 43(2): FIRST-AID BOXES OR CUPBOARDSCONSPICUOUSLY MARKED AND EQUIPPED WITH SUCH CONTENTS AS THE STATE GOVERNMENT MAY SPECIFY SHALL BE PROVIDED AND MAINTAINED IN EVERY GENERATING STATION…. etc

  32. RULE 45: PRECAUTIONS TO BE ADOPTED BY CONSUMERS, OWNERS, ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS, ELECTRICAL WORKMEN AND SUPPLIERS RULE45(1): NO ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION WORK INCLUDING ADDITIONS, ALTERATIONS, REPAIRS AND ADJUSTMENTS TO EXISTING INSTALLATONS, EXCEPT SUCH REPLACEMENT OF LAMPS, FANS, FUSES, SWITCHES, LOW VOLTAGE DOMESTIC APPLIANCES AND FITTINGS AS IN NO WAY ALTERS ITS CAPACITY OR CHARACTER, SHALL BE CARRIED OUT UPON THE PREMISES OF, OR ON BEHALF OF ANY CONSUMER OR OWNER FOR THE PURPOSE OF SUPPLYING TO SUCH CONSUMER OR OWNER, EXCEPT BY AN ELECTRICAL CONTRACTOR LICENSED IN THIS BEHALF BY THE STATE GOVERNMENT AND UNDER THE DIRECT SUPERVISION OF A PERSON HOLDING A CERTIFICATE OF COMPETENECY ISSUED BY OR RECOGNISED BY THE STATE GOVERNMENT.

  33. RULE 46: PERIODICAL INSPECTION AND TESTING OF CONSUMER’S INSTALLATION RULE 46(1): PERIODICAL INSPECTION AND TESTING AT INTERVALS NOT EXCEEDING FIVE YEARS EITHER BY THE INSPECTOR OR BY THE SUPPLIER AS MAY BE DIRECTED BY THE STATE GOVERNMENT IN THIS BEHALF OR IN THE CASE OF INSTALLATIONS IN MINES, OIL FIELDS AND RAILWAYS BY THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT. RULE 47: TESTING ON CONUSMER’S INSTALLATIONS 47 (1): UPON RECEIPT OF AN APPLICATION FOR A NEW OR ADDITIONAL SUPPLY OF ENERGY AND BEFORE CONNECTING THE SUPPLY OR RECONNECTING THE SAME AFTER A PERIOD OF SIXMONTHS, THE SUPPLIER SHALL INSPECT AND TEST THE APPLICANT’S INSTALLATION. THE SUPPLIER SHALL MAINTAIN A RECORD OF TEST RESULTS AT EACH SUPPLY POINT TO A CONSUMER IN A FORM TO BE APPROVED BY THE INSPECTOR.

  34. RULE 47(2): IF AS A RESULT OF SUCH INSPECTION AND TEST, THE SUPPLIER IS SATISFIED THAT THE INSTALLATION IS LIKELY TO CONSTITUTE DANGER HE SHALL SERVE ON THE APPLICANT A NOTICE IN WRITING REQUIRING HIM TO MAKE SUCH MODIFICATIONS AS ARE NECESSARY TO RENDER THE INSTALLATION SAFE. THE SUPPLIER MAY REFUSE T0 CONNECT OR RECONNECT THE SUPPLY UNTIL THE REQUIRED MODIFICATIONS HAVE NOT BEEN COMPLETED AND HE HAS BEEN NOTIFIED BY THE APPLICANT.

  35. RULE 49: LEAKAGE ON CONSUMER’S PREMISES RULE 49(1): IF THE INSPECTOR OR THE SUPPLIER HAS REASON TO BELIEVE THAT THERE IS IN THE SYSTEM OF A CONSUMER LEAKAGE WHICH IS LIKELY TO AFFECT INJURIOUSLY THE USE OF ENERGY BY THE SUPPLIER OR BY OTHER PERSONS OR WHICH IS LIKELY TO CAUSE DANGER, HE MAY GIVE THE CONSUMER A REASONABLE NOTICE IN WRITING THAT HE DESIRES TO INSPECT AND TEST THE CONSUMER’S INSTALLATION. RULE 50(2): EVERY CONSUMER OR OTHER USER OF ENERGY SHALL SO MAINTAIN HIS INSTALLATION AS TO CONFORM AT ALL TIMES TO THE PROVISION OF SUB RULE (1), AND SHALL USE ALL REASONABLE MEANS IN HIS POWER TO ENSURE THAT, WHERE ENERGY IS SUPPLIED BY A SUPPLIER NO PERSON OTHER THAN THE SUPPLIER SHALL INTERFERE WITH THE SERVICE LINES AND APPARATUS PLACED BY THE SUPPLIER ON HIS PREMISES.

  36. RULE 51 DEALS WITH THE PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO MEDIUM, HIGH OR EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE INSTALLATIONS. RULE 52 DEALS WITH APPEALS TO INSPECTORS IN REGARD TO DEFECTS. RULE 60 DEALS WITH TEST FOR RESISTANCE OF INSULATION RULE 61 DEALS WITH CONNECTION WITH THE EARTH. RULE 63 DEALS WITH APPROVAL BY INSPECTOR BEFORE COMMENCEMENT OF SUPPLY OF ENERGY AT HIGH OR EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE TO ANY INSTALLATION.

  37. RULE 67 DEALS WITH CONNECTION WITH EARTH FOR 3 PHASE SYSTEMS AND HIGH AND EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGES INCLUDING GENERATING STATIONS AND SUBSTATIONS. RULE 77 TALKS OF CLEARANCES ABOVE GROUND OF THE LOWEST CONDUCTOR FOR LOW, MEDIUM AND HIGH VOLTAGE OVERHEAD LINES. RULE 94 TO 108 CONTAIN PROVISIONS FOR OHE & POWER SUPPLY INSTALLATIONS OF ELECTRIC TRACTION.

  38. THANK YOU!

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