MPL: APPROACHES TO RESEARCH

1. MPL: APPROACHES TO RESEARCH Indah Lestari

2. Langkah-langkah dalam pelaksanaan penelitian • Pembahasan mengenai masalah penelitian • Penelaahan pustaka • Penyusunan hipotesis • Mengidentifikasikan, mengklarifikasikan, dan memberikan definisi operasional terhadap variabel-variabel penelitian • Pemilihan dan pengembangan instrumen penelitian • Penyusunan rancangan penelitian • Penentuan populasi dan sampel penelitian atau objek penelitian • Pengumpulan data penelitian • Pengolahan dan analisis data • Interpretasi hasil analisis data • Penyusunan laporan

3. THREE APPROACHES TO RESEARCH The broad research approach isthe plan orproposal to conduct research There are three research approaches used in a research, those are • Qualitative, • Quantitative,and • Mixedmethods

4. Distinction between qualitative research and quantitative research • Basic philosophicalassumptions researchers bring to the study, • the types of research strategies used in the research, and • the specific methods employed inconducting these strategies.

5. Qualitative research • An approach for exploring and understanding the meaning individuals orgroups ascribe to a social or human problem. • The process of research involves emerging questionsand procedures, data typically collected in the participant’s setting, data analysis inductively buildingfrom particulars to general themes, and the researcher making interpretations of the meaning of thedata. • The final written report has a flexible structure. • Those who engage in this form of inquirysupport a way of looking at research that honors an inductive style, and the importance of rendering the complexity of a situation.

6. Quantitative research • An approach for testing objective theories by examining the relationshipamong variables. • These variables, in turn, can be measured, typically on instruments, so thatnumbered data can be analyzed using statistical procedures. • The final written report has a setstructure consisting of introduction, literature and theory, methods, results, and discussion. • Those who engage in this form of inquiry have assumptions about testingtheories deductively, building in protections against bias, controlling for alternative explanations, andbeing able to generalize the findings.

7. Mixed methods research • An approach to inquiry involving collecting both quantitative andqualitative data, integrating the two forms of data, and using distinct designs that may involvephilosophical assumptions and theoretical frameworks. • The core assumption of this form of inquiry isthat the combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches provides a more completeunderstanding of a research problem than either approach alone.

8. Tugas • Cari dan observasi fenomena-fenomena linguistik yang terkait dengan bahasa Inggris di Indonesia, baik dalam penggunaan lisan maupun tulisan.