English 11 Writing/Communication Mr. Rinka Lesson #3

English 11 Writing/CommunicationMr. Rinka Lesson #3 Review Spelling

#1 Writeie when the sound is long e, except after c. achieve ceiling field piece shield believe chief grief receive thief brief deceit niece relief yield Exceptions: either leisure neither seize weird

#2 Writeei when the sound is not long. counterfeit height reign foreign heir veil forfeit neighbor weigh Exceptions: ancient friend mischief view conscience kerchief

#3 -sede, -ceed, & -cede Only the word “supersede”ends in –sede. Only “exceed,”“proceed,” and “succeed”end in –ceed. All other words with this sound end in –cede. accede intercede recede concede precede secede

#4 When aprefixis added to a word, the spelling of the original word remains the same. im + possible = impossible mis + spell = misspell un + happy = unhappy over + rule = overrule

#5 When the suffix –ness or–ly is added to a word, the spelling of the original word remains the same. sure + ly = surely real =ly= really Exceptions: Words ending in yusuallychange the ytoiwhen adding –ness or–ly. empty + ness = emptiness easy + ly = easily

Mostone-syllable adjectives ending iny follow Rule #5 dry + ness = dryness sly + ly = slyly However, “true,”“due,”and“whole” drop the final ebefore–ly. true + ly = truly due + ly = duly whole + ly = wholly

#6 Drop the final silent e before adding a suffixthat begins with a vowel. hope + ing = hoping strange + est = strangest noble + er = nobler admire + ation = admiration tickle+ish=ticklish move+able=movable

Exceptions: Keep the final e -in words ending in ce orgebefore a suffix that begins witha oro: peace + able + peaceable knowledge + able = knowledgeable courage + ous = courageous outrage + ous = outrageous

Keep the final e in dyeand, before –ing insinge: dye + ing = dyeing singe + ing = singeing inmilebefore–age: mile + age = mileage

#7 Keep the final ebefore adding a suffix that begins with a consonant. nine + ty = ninety entire + ly = entirely hope + ful= hopeful awe + some = awesome care + less = careless pave + ment = pavement

Exceptions: nine + th= ninth awe + ful= awful judge + ment= judgment argue + ment= argument

#8 When a word ends in y that has a consonant before it, change the y to an i and add the suffix unless the suffix begins with an i. fifty + eth = fiftieth mystery + ous = mysterious worry + ed = worried terrify + ing = terrifying 50th

Exceptions: Some one-syllable words: shy + ness= shyness sky + ward= skyward ladyandbabywith suffixes lady + like = ladylike baby + hood = babyhood

When a word ends in ywith a vowel before it, simply add the suffix. joy + ful = joyful boy + hood = boyhood gray + est = grayest Exceptions: day + ly = daily pay + ed = paid say + ed = said lay + ed = laid

#10 If a word ends in a consonant, double the final consonant before a suffix that begins with a vowel only if the word has only one syllable oris accented on the last syllable and ends in a single consonant that has a single vowel before it. Stop + ing = stopping

drop + ing = dropping occur + ence = occurrence plan +ed = planned propel + er = propeller sit + ing = sitting refer + ed = referrred

Otherwise, simply add the suffix jump + ed = jumped tunnel + ing = tunneling sprint + er = sprinter appear + ance = appearance Some words can double or not. travel + er = traveler or traveller shovel +ing= shoveling or shovelling

Additional Assignment #1 Lesson #3 Assignment 1 Lesson #3 Assignment 1 Answers

#11 To form plurals of most English nouns, simply add –s. boat = boats girl = girls dog = dogs book = books tree = trees car = cars

#12 To create plural forms of other words use the rules presented in the following slides!

#12A If a noun ends in s, x, z, ch, orsh, add–es. glass = glasses fox = foxes waltz = waltzes peach = peaches wish = wishes

#12B If a noun ends in ywith a consonant before it, change the yto an iand add an –es. city = cities baby = babies lady = ladiesmystery = mysteries Exceptions: Proper nouns ending in y add –s. Burney = Burneys Larry = Larrys

#12C If a noun ends in y with a vowel before it, add–s to form plural. joy = joys guy = guys bay = bays day = days jay = jays ray = rays

#12D Depending on pronunciation, some nouns ending in f orfeadd–s to the plural and others change the forfetovand add –es. safe = safescalf = calves giraffe = giraffes knife = knives roof = roofsloaf = loaves belief = beliefswife = wives

#12E Nouns ending in owith a vowel before it, add -s to form the plural. zoo = zoos radio = radios rodeo = rodeos patio = patios stereo = stereos kangaroo = kangaroos

#12F Nouns ending in owith a consonant before it, add -es to form the plural. potato = potatoes hero = heroes tomato = tomatoes veto = vetoes echo = echoes

Exceptions: Some nouns, mostly musical terms, ending in o with a consonant before it, add -s to form the plural. solo = solos alto = altos soprano = sopranos piano = pianos

#12G The plural forms of some nouns form in an irregular way. man = men woman = women foot = feet child = children goose = geese mouse = mice tooth = teeth

#12H Some nouns form their plural by not changing. deer = deer sheep = sheep moose = moose series = series trout = trout

#12I Compound words create the plural by adding –s or–es. skateboard = skateboards earthquake = earthquakes firefly = fireflies basketball = basketballs footprint = footprints

#12J Compound hyphenated words create the plural by adding –s or –es to the main noun. attorney-at-law = attorneys-at-law father-in-law = fathers-in-law runner-up = runners-up ex-patriot = ex-patriots

#12K Some nouns borrowed from Greekor Latin keep their plural form from the original language. alumnus = alumni datum = data phenomenon = phenomena analysis = analyses crisis = crises

#12L Use an apostrophe s (‘s) to form the plurals of numerals, letters, symbols,andwords used as words. 7 = 7’s A = A’s c = c’s & = &’s 1900 = 1900’s and = and’s

Additional Assignment #2 Lesson #3 Assignment 2 Lesson #3 Assignment 2 Answers

English 11 Writing/CommunicationMr. Rinka Lesson #3 Review Spelling

English 11 Writing/Communication Mr. Rinka Lesson #3