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DNA

DNA. DNA. The fingerprint that’s inside your body!!!!!!. You can tell people apart by their fingerprints because everyone’s are a little bit different…. DNA is like a fingerprint because everyone’s is a little different!. Fun DNA Facts!.

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DNA

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  1. DNA

  2. DNA The fingerprint that’s inside your body!!!!!!

  3. You can tell people apart by their fingerprints because everyone’s are a little bit different… DNA is like a fingerprint because everyone’s is a little different!

  4. Fun DNA Facts! DNA is too small to see, but under a microscope it looks like a twisted up ladder! DNA stands for:D: DeoxyriboseN: NucleicA: Acid Every living thing has DNA. That means that you have something in common with a zebra, a tree, a mushroom and a beetle!!!!

  5. DNA is packed tightly in the cell Learning Target: Describe the structure of a DNA molecule chromosome DNA double helix Supercoils histones

  6. DNA is made up of steps and rails like a ladder. This is a rail/side This is a step/rung Green can only go with Red Purple can only go with Yellow

  7. DNA Structure: organic polymer made up of repeating nucleotides Nucleotide H bonds Sugar-phosphate backbone NitrogenBases A T C G

  8. Building blocks of DNA: Nucleotides

  9. The sugar = Deoxyribose Shape = pentose The phosphate

  10. The nitrogenous bases Purines

  11. The nitrogenous bases Pyrimidines How are the pyrimidines different from the purines?

  12. Purines =(2 Carbon rings) Pyrimidines = (1 Carbon ring) A G C T

  13. Four different Nucleotides BASIC STRUCTURE

  14. DNA is a polymer formed by base pairing: Base pairing rule A pairs with T C pairs with G

  15. PRACTICE BASE PAIRING __________________________________ A G T C C G T T A G T T C A G G C A A T C A

  16. The Double Helix • The overall shape of DNA is described as a double helix (a twisted ladder). • What forces holds the two strands together? CovalentBonds Hydrogen bonds

  17. Who Discovered the DNA Structure? • Watson and Crick – 1953 • Model was a rope ladder that had been given a twist = double helix http://www.immediart.com/catalog/images/big_images/SPL_E_H400040-Watson_and_Crick_with_their_DNA_model-SPL.jpg

  18. Where have we seen DNA being replicated? Cell cycleMITOSIS AND MEIOSIS

  19. DNA Replication • 1. DNA “unzips” • Enzymes (helicases) break H bonds b/w nitrogen bases • Forming a replication fork (where the 2 strands separate) • 2. Free DNA nucleotides pair up along the nitrogen bases • DNA polymerases (enzymes) make sure that the bases pair correctly • 3. Bonds form • Covalent bonds form b/w sugars and phosphates • Hydrogen bonds form b/w nitrogen bases for both molecules

  20. DNA Replication • Result: 2 new exact copies of original DNA molecule/ happens b/4 mitosis • See page 316 in book and animations

  21. DNA Replication • ANIMATION • ANIMATION DETAILED

  22. How are DNA and RNA similar? • DNA is composed of nucleotides and RNA is composed of nucleotides

  23. How are DNA and RNA different?

  24. How are DNA and RNA different? • DNA… • Nucleotides = deoxyribose sugar • Double helix structure • Stays inside nucleus • RNA… • Nuleotides = ribose sugar • Single-strand structure • Located both inside and outside of nucleus • Uracil instead of thymine (U instead of T)

  25. Enzymes involved in DNA replication • Helicase – opens the double helix to allow for replication • DNA polymerase – reads the original DNA strand and lays down complementary bases • Ligase - glues the newly formed DNA together

  26. DNA replication practice • You are DNA polymerase. Helicase has opened the DNA strand – read each side and produce the complementary copies. __________________________________ A G G T A A C C G G T T A C G A T T A T T C C A T T G G C C A A T G C T A A T A A G G T A A C C G G T T A C G A T T A T T C C A T T G G C C A A T G C T A A T A

  27. PRACTICE BASE PAIRING RULES AGAIN __________________________________ A G T C C G T T A G T T C A G G C A A T C A

  28. Protein Synthesis= transcription and translation • DNA contains all the information for your traits – the genes • These genes are blueprints and need to remain safe – kept inside the nucleus • Copies can be made though – a messenger

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