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Who's in Control?

Who's in Control?. Self-Control or External Control Perceived Locus of Control Internals: feel they are in control of their lives Externals: feel other forces are in control 5. Learned Helplessness. Optimism. Optimistic Explanatory Style: bad events have temporary causes

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Who's in Control?

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  1. Who's in Control? • Self-Control or External Control • Perceived Locus of Control • Internals: feel they are in control of their lives • Externals: feel other forces are in control • 5. Learned Helplessness

  2. Optimism • Optimistic Explanatory Style: bad events have temporary causes • Pessimistic Explanatory Style: bad events have permanent causes • Self-Efficacy: our behaviors lead to expected outcomes • Social Learning Theory: Humans are conscious, thinking and feeling; this determines our behavior • Observational Learning: we learn from imitating others • Why does this matter? Psychologists believe most of our interactions stem from learning theory • Learning is defined as a permanent change in behavior as a result of experience or practice

  3. What gets your attention What Gets Your Attention • Novel Stimuli: new, different, unique • Significant Stimuli: of interest • Conflicting Stimuli: against values, beliefs or morals

  4. Conditioning Classical Conditioning Stimulus paired with reinforcer Operant Conditioning Stimulus followed by reinforcer

  5. Nitty-Gritty of Behaviorism • Consequences: determine whether a behavior continues • Reinforcement: pleasant or unpleasant stimuli that follow a behavior • Primary Reinforcers: things we respond to automatically without learning: food, warmth, touch, pain • Secondary Reinforcers: stimuli we have attached meaning to: money, grades, star charts • Positive Reinforcement: stimuli that increases our behavior by being presented: working hard for an A • Negative Reinforcement: stimuli that decreases behavior because of its termination or avoidance, driving slow to avoid a ticket • Punishment: decreases behavior because of presence

  6. Punishment Alternatives Not Physical Not Instinctive Be Aware Timing Mild Explained Consistent

  7. in every day living Identify Observe Goal Program Evaluate

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