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Mutations

Mutations. What is a Mutation?. A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence. Genetic mutations, which affect reproductive cells, can be passed on to offspring. Somatic mutations, which affect other cells, cannot be passed on. What Causes Mutations?.

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Mutations

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  1. Mutations

  2. What is a Mutation? • A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence. • Genetic mutations, which affect reproductive cells, can be passed on to offspring. • Somatic mutations, which affect other cells, cannot be passed on.

  3. What Causes Mutations? • Chemicals, including carcinogens, such as those found in cigarette smoke) • Mistakes during DNA replication. • Radiation, including: • ultraviolet light – as from the sun • X-rays

  4. What Causes Mutations? • DNA can be damaged by radiation or certain chemicals. Errors in the DNA replication process can also cause mutations.

  5. Types of Mutations • Point • Substitution • Frameshift • Insertion (Addition) • Deletion

  6. Point Mutation • A single base pair is changed at a certain point in the DNA or RNA sequence

  7. Substitution • A type of point mutation where one base is replaced by another base • Example: changing ATCG to ATAG.

  8. Frameshift Mutation • A base is removed or inserted which causes the rest of the DNA or RNA bases to move

  9. Insertion (Addition) • One or more bases are added into the DNA or RNA sequence. • Example: changing ATCG to ATGCG.

  10. Deletion • One or more bases are removed from the DNA or RNA sequence. • Example: changing ATCG to ACG.

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