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Where Smart PV meets smart grid

Where Smart PV meets smart grid. J. Poortmans Scientific director PV@imec Part-time Professor@KUL. outline. Energy@imec : the Internet of Power PV in a global context PV@imec EnergyVille : where Smart PV meets Smart Grid PV in Buildings PV in the Shadow Predicting PV energy yield

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Where Smart PV meets smart grid

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  1. Where Smart PV meets smart grid • J. Poortmans • Scientific director PV@imec • Part-time Professor@KUL

  2. outline • Energy@imec: the Internet of Power • PV in a global context • PV@imec • EnergyVille: where Smart PV meets Smart Grid • PV in Buildings • PV in the Shadow • Predicting PV energy yield • Key messages Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  3. imec in the energy challenge? The Internet of Power Think nano ? Linking Nanoscale to Gigawatts / GWh Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  4. The internet of power ... Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  5. The internet of power ... Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  6. The internet of power ... Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  7. The internet of power ... Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  8. The internet of power ... Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  9. The internet of power ... Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  10. outline • Energy@imec: the Internet of Power • PV in a global context • PV@imec • EnergyVille: where Smart PV meets Smart Grid • PV in Buildings • PV in the Shadow • Predicting PV energy yield • Key messages Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  11. Breath-taking growth ... Corresponding to 53 full size 1,300MW nuclear reactors … and energy wise to the annual output of 9 such reactors Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  12. And to be continued ... (GW) GROWTH REGIONS CAGR (2012 – 2015) US, China, India, Japan ROW (excl. Italy and Germany) CAGR = 20% (2012 – 2015) = 38% UPSIDE = 28% GERMANY ITALY JAPAN USA CONSENSUS FORECASTS* (2009 – 2011) INDIA CHINA 30-50% ROW CONSENSUSFORECAST BELOW actuals Module >$2/W Japan FiT Module < $1/W China, India FiT Courtesy: Charles Gay, Applied Materials Source: Photon Consulting Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  13. Price collapse in 2011-2013 Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  14. Every crisis ends at some time Resorption of excess PV-production capacity will take time, but first signs of slow recovery 2/3 of the value creation of the PV-system is still located in Europe – materials, equipment, design&installation Link with local market is important for PV-systems with high added value (e.g. BIPV) Will the PV-world after the PV-crisis be the same? Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  15. Grid parity: the holy grail? Grid parity achieved Residential electricity price PV electricity price Courtesy of Prof. J. Luther, Fraunhofer ISE Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  16. Different scenarios for PV-deployment www.epia.org “Connecting the Sun” The ideal place to locate PV is where consumption is located • Slightly increases the need for PV-capacity (+10%) • Reduces need for additional transmission/distribution (-75%) Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  17. Storage “at or near the prosumers’ location” www.epia.org “Connecting the Sun” Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  18. Impact on required PV-costs Investment cost Maintenance cost + Levelized cost of electricity = Years of operation Annual energy output x Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  19. Impact on required PV-costs Investment cost Maintenance cost + Cost for energy storage Levelized cost of electricity = + Years of operation Annual energy output x • PV investment cost needs to reduced with factor 2 to 3 ! • Energy output needs to be further increased Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013 • Grid parity is a milestone, not the end goal • PV installed close to consumer to limit excess PV-capacity • Local storage needs to integrated with the PV system • Cost of local storage evolves to 10 c€/kWh

  20. outline • Energy@imec: the Internet of Power • PV in a global context • PV@imec • EnergyVille: where Smart PV meets Smart Grid • PV in Buildings • PV in the Shadow • Predicting PV energy yield • Key messages Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  21. 30 % - Silicon photovoltaics Go beyond current Si-PV boundaries with industrial manufacturable processes 20 % - Thin film photovoltaics 10 % - Organic PV CZTS as alternative for CIGS < 0.5 1 0.75 1.5 Cost(€/Wp) on module level IMEC PV Research Efficiency targets Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  22. Energy companies Solar cell producers Tool suppliers Material suppliers Si-PV partners Kuwait University 25 year solar cell research Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013 IMEC Confidential

  23. Si-Pv and OPV ProgramsIt is all about the performance! • Si-based photovoltaics: • Thanks to the VlaamsFotovoltaischInitiatief! • 6” Screenprinted i-PERC cells > 20% • 6” i-PERC (p-type Si) and i-PERT (n-type Si) cells with Cu contacts near 21% Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  24. Si-Pv and OPV ProgramsIt is all about the performance! Designated illumination area measurement (4 cm2) ** Measurement at ISE CalLab with designated illumination area (4 cm2) • Si-based photovoltaics: • 6” Screenprinted i-PERC cells > 20% • 6” i-PERC (p-type Si) and i-PERT (n-type Si) cells with Cu contacts near 21% • World class IBC-platform with h > 23% for Fz- and Cz-Si substrates Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  25. Solliance OPv program Overview WP1 WP2 WP3 WP4 WP5 WP6 Reliability Pin • Program partners Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  26. Organic photovoltaicsperformance 10 solution processedlayers OPV: • Certified polymer cells > 9% • Certified polymer module > 5.5% • Polymer tandem ≈ 9.0% • Polymer triple junction > 9.5% • Small molecule tandems > 7.5% Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  27. outline • Energy@imec: the Internet of Power • PV in a global context • PV@imec • EnergyVille: where Smart PV meets Smart Grid • PV in Buildings • PV in the Shadow • Predicting PV energy yield • Key messages Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  28. BIPVIntegration in the construction Courtesy of 3E BIPV: An industry driven by the need of energy efficient buildings Visit Dow Corning J. Poortmans 24-06-2013

  29. BIPV: where efficiency meets Beauty • No ‘silver bullet’ for all PV applications • PV power plants and regular rooftop systems • Future renewable energy demands will required broadening the application fields E.g. real building integrated PV (BIPV) • Facades, weak roofs, not ideal orientation, ... • Aesthetics ! Other parameters start to play • Flexibility in patterns and shapes • Good response to indirect light • Cost/m2 rather than cost/Wp • Integrated system solutions Further R&D essential for all these aspects Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  30. PV systemstoday 4 After http://www.energyenv.co.uk Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  31. PV systems in the smart grid era High-eff modules with thin BC Si solar cells Distributed DC to AC conversion Grid smoothing / balancing needed elec. cost = f(time, season, meteo...) Demand side management 4 After http://www.energyenv.co.uk local storage Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  32. SMART PV-moduleAdditional functionalities Control strategies that optimize plant energy / lifetime in synergy with the smart grid Maintaining efficiency under non-STC operation Module-level DC/DC conversion Thinner Si and polymer layers Integrated condition monitoring Design-for-disassembly Integrated re-configuration series >< parallel Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  33. PV and the shadow • Partial shadowing leads to large losses of energy yield • Energy yield can be substantially improved by dynamically reconfiguring the PV-module: • Integration of sensors • Integration of switches • Reliability should remain unaffected • Energy yield modellingto make the trade-off between additional costs and additional energy yield Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  34. Energy Yield prediction H. Goverde et al. , to be published Energy yield crucial for low LCOE • Dependent on lifetime & local conditions • Long-term decision for investment • But reliable prediction of energy yield is also crucial for short-term decisions • Short-time weather predictions (hours to day scale) • Reliable prediction of energy “aggregator” crucial for pricing strategy • Focus on effect of non-stationary,non-homogeneous conditions (e.g. T-profile in presence of wind) • Scenario clustering approach Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

  35. Key messages • PV is there to stay • Flanders has a strong position in PV R&D • Performance is necessary but not sufficient • In order to remain relevant, one has to create added value on the level of PV-system • To increase and predict energy yield • To integrate more intelligence(reconfigurability)at the level of PV-module and system • To integrate storage capability • imec wants to create this value together with VITO, KUL and Uhasselt in EnergyVille Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

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