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Session 21

Session 21. 85 Minutes. Cannabis. Learning Objectives. Explain a brief history of Cannabis Identify common names and terms associated with Cannabis Identify common methods of administration for Cannabis Describe the symptoms, observable signs and other effects associated with Cannabis.

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Session 21

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  1. Session 21 85 Minutes Cannabis

  2. Learning Objectives • Explain a brief history of Cannabis • Identify common names and terms associated with Cannabis • Identify common methods of administration for Cannabis • Describe the symptoms, observable signs and other effects associated with Cannabis

  3. Learning Objectives (Cont.) • Describe the typical time parameters, i.e. Onset and duration of effects associated with Cannabis • List the clues that are likely to emerge when the drug influence evaluation is conducted for a person under the influence of Cannabis • Correctly answer the “topics for study” questions at the end of this session

  4. Cannabis Overview • Derived primarily from various species of Cannabis plants • Primary psychoactive ingredient is Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

  5. Cannabis Overview (Cont.) Different varieties of the Cannabis have different concentrations of THC

  6. Forms of Cannabis Marijuana Hashish Hash Oil Marinol

  7. Synthetic Cannabinoid Products Synthetic cannabinoid products typically include: Olive colored herbs; Combination of herbs; Plant materials; All enhanced with a delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) synthetic analog When smoked, synthetic cannabinoid products mimic the hallucinogenic effects of marijuana 21-7

  8. Synthetic Cannabinoid Products Effects • Panic attacks • Agitation • Tachycardia (range of 110 to 150 BPM) • Elevated blood pressure • Anxiety • Pallor • Numbness and tingling

  9. Cannabis Applications • Lowers intraocular pressure • Suppresses nausea • Helps inhibit seizures • Appetite enhancer • A muscle relaxant • A tumor growth retardant

  10. Potency, Purity and Dose • Domestic marijuana - 4.89% • Non domestic marijuana - 11.86% • Hash - 30.3% • Hash Oil - 30.3%

  11. Ingestion • Smoked • Orally

  12. Possible Effects of Cannabis • Interferes with divided attention • Brief attention span

  13. Possible Effects of Cannabis (Cont.) • Loss of depth perception • Short Attention Span • Erratic speeds • Failing to maintain a single lane • Stopping for a red light then continuing on

  14. Pharmacological Effects • Relaxation • Euphoria • Relaxed inhibitions • Disorientation • Altered time and distance perception • Sedation

  15. Other Characteristic Indicators • Odor of Marijuana • Marijuana debris in the mouth • Possible green coating on the tongue • Reddening of the conjunctivae • Body tremors • Eyelid tremors

  16. Onset and Duration of Marijuana's Effects • 8-9 seconds - User begins to feel and exhibit effects • 10-30 minutes - Peak effects are reached • 2-3 hours - User continues to feel and exhibit effects • 3-6 hours - User feels “normal” Note: Evidence of marijuana use may be present in blood/urine tests for extended periods after use

  17. Onset and Duration of Marijuana's Effects (Cont.) • 8-9 seconds - User begins to feel and exhibit effects • 10-30 minutes - Peak effects are reached • 2-3 hours - User continues to feel and exhibit effects • 3-6 hours - User feels “normal” Note: Evidence of marijuana use may be present in blood/urine tests for extended periods after use.

  18. Metabolites of THC • Hydroxy THC • Causes Impairment and Euphoria • Carboxy THC • Not psychoactive

  19. Overdose Signs and Symptoms Is there danger of death from Cannabis overdose?

  20. Long Term Effects • Lung damage • Chronic Bronchitis • Lowering of Testosterone • Possible birth defects • Acute anxiety attacks • Chronic reduction of attention span

  21. Evaluation of SubjectsUnder the Influence of Cannabis • HGN - None • VGN - None • Lack of Convergence - Present • Impaired performance will be evident on Modified Romberg Balance, Walk and Turn, One Leg Stand and Finger to Nose

  22. Evaluation of Subjects Under the Influence of Cannabis (Cont.) Vital Signs: • Pulse - Up • Blood pressure - Up • Body temperature - Normal Muscle tone - Normal

  23. Evaluation of SubjectsUnder the Influence of Cannabis (Cont.) Dark Room: • Pupil size - Dilated (6) • Pupil reaction to light - Normal (6)Possibly normal

  24. Rebound Dilation A period of pupillary constriction followed by a period of pupillary dilation where the pupil steadily increases in size and does not return to its original constricted size

  25. Evaluation of Subjects Under the Influence of Cannabis • Body tremors • Disoriented • Debris in mouth (possible) • Eyelid tremors • Impaired perception of time and distance General Indicators • Increased appetite • Marked reddening of conjunctiva

  26. Evaluation of Subjects Underthe Influence of Cannabis (Cont.) • General Indicators (Cont.) • Odor of marijuana • Possible paranoia • Relaxed inhibitions

  27. Cannabis Symptomatology Chart (6) possibly normal

  28. Cannabis

  29. Drug Evaluation and Classification Exemplar Demonstrations

  30. QUESTIONS?

  31. Topics for Study

  32. Topics for Study (Cont.)

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