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Photosynthesis Overview For notes, write down the stuff in blue

Photosynthesis Overview For notes, write down the stuff in blue. HOMEWORK! READ CHAPTER 7…. Stuff about photosynthesis you need to know. Plants take sunlight energy to make carbohydrates! Electrons! They rule the world! Take electrons from something? You take its energy !

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Photosynthesis Overview For notes, write down the stuff in blue

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  1. Photosynthesis Overview For notes, write down the stuff in blue HOMEWORK! READ CHAPTER 7…

  2. Stuff about photosynthesis you need to know • Plants take sunlight energy to make carbohydrates! • Electrons! They rule the world! • Take electrons from something? • You take its energy! • It usually falls apart! • Give something electrons? • You give it energy! • It makes the molecule bigger too!

  3. Highlights! • Plants use energy from the sun to make carbohydrates • Photosynthesis uses water, carbon dioxide and sun-catching pigments. • The process gives off oxygen

  4. 1. The light reactions 2. The Calvin Cycle (light independent reactions) Photosynthesis is really two processes! Calvin?

  5. http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter10/animations.html#http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter10/animations.html#

  6. Electrons from water get put onto NADP+. This makes NADPH Oxygen is released H+ goes through ATP synthase and makes ATP Light Reactions photon Electrons are given to NADP+ Oxygen leaves Makes NADPH Pigment Electrons from water ATP H+ goes through ATP synthase, makes ATP

  7. Remember that all takes place in the chloroplast!

  8. Recipe to make carbohydrates: • Take electrons from water. Put them onto CO2.

  9. Thing is… that is hard to do… • You just can’t throw electrons onto Carbon Dioxide… • You need energy (ATP) and you need something to hold the electrons until you are ready to use them… (NADP+)

  10. Chemiosmosis –diffusion of H+ through ATP synthase to make ATP

  11. How does NADP+ turn into NADPH when 2 electrons are added? Add 2 electons to NADP+ it becomes NADP- H+ floating around bonds to it.

  12. Click on this to view a great calvin cycle:http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/calvin.html http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/calvin.html

  13. Quick Write • Explain the Calvin Cycle in your own words… Do your best to explain each step…

  14. Analogy Activity • Create an analogy to describe the light reactions of photosynthesis. (puppets or paper!) • You need to represent • Sunlight/photon: • Electron: • Photosystem pigment: • Cytochrome complex/adding H+ to the inside of the thylakoid: • Water splitting • O2 released, H+ formed: • NADP+ getting reduced to form NADPH: • H+ going through ATP synthase: • 10 points Extra credit to your class activities:Sing… everyone that sings gets 10 points extra credit. • 4 lines of a song must be sung, and the song needs to relate to the light reactions of photosynthesis.

  15. IN: Water Sun NADP+ OUT: Oxygen ATP NADPH So Far…

  16. Calvin Cycle • Takes NADPH, ATP, and CO2 to make carbohydrate! Often glucose: C6H12O6

  17. More Specifically • The electrons from NADPH get put onto CO2 • This takes energy from ATP! • When electrons get added, CO2 becomes CH2O.. A small carbohydrate!~

  18. Review • Light reactions make NADPH, Oxygen, and ATP • Calvin Cycle makes carbohydrate out of NADPH, CO2, and ATP

  19. IN: Water CO2 Sunlight OUT: Oxygen Carbohydrate Photosynthesis

  20. Oxidation Reactions: H2O to H+ and O2 NADPH to NADP+ Reduction Reactions CO2 to CH2O NADP+ to NADPH Oxidation/ReductionOxidation is loss (OIL)Reduction is gain (RIG)

  21. CO2 + H2O + sun C6H12O6 + O2 (Carbon Dioxide) CO2GETS REDUCED, makes CH2O (a small carbohydrate.)

  22. Oxidized or Reduced in Photosynthesis? • H20 • NADP+ • NADPH • CO2 2H2O GOES TO 4H+ AND O2 IT IS OXIDIZED. NADP+ GOES TO NADPH (REDUCED) IN THE LIGHT DEPENDANT REACTIONS NADPH GOES TO NADP+ (OXIDATION) IN THE LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTIONS (CALVIN CYCLE) CO2 GOES TO CARBOHYDRATE IN THE LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTION (REDUCTION.)

  23. Wavelengths of light • The pigments of photosynthesis work best in only a few wavelengths of light. (Green does not absorb green wavelengths of light. Chlorophyll is green.) • Accessory pigments help absorb the wavelengths of light that are not absorbed by chlorophyll. Makes it so that photosynthesis can take place in any wavelength of light.

  24. Absorption by pigments Action spectrum

  25. Photorespiration • Rubisco can grab O2 as easily as it grabs CO2. • When rubisco grabs O2, it all falls apart, and they call this photorespiration. • Because oxygen is made in the light reactions of photosynthesis, this is a problem. • Future nobel prize winning research available…

  26. 1. C3 plants: photosynthesis like we learned. (Rubisco bonds to CO2) 2. C4 plants: CO2 gets fixed onto PEP. PEP does not bond to oxygen… 3. CAM plants: CO2 gets stored in the mesophyll cells (inside part of the plant.)

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