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Principles of Medical Microbiology

Principles of Medical Microbiology. Principles of Infectious Disease: The Host-Parasite Relationship Colonization, Normal Microbiota & Symbiotic Relationships Pathogenicity and Virulence Mechanisms of Pathogenicity Epidemiology Mechanisms of Immunity Beneficial Harmful

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Principles of Medical Microbiology

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  1. Principles of Medical Microbiology • Principles of Infectious Disease: The Host-Parasite Relationship • Colonization, Normal Microbiota & Symbiotic Relationships • Pathogenicity and Virulence • Mechanisms of Pathogenicity • Epidemiology • Mechanisms of Immunity Beneficial Harmful Manipulated • Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

  2. Principles of Infectious Disease • The Host-Parasite Relationship • Colonization and Normal Microbiota Permanent residents, transients and opportunists • Symbiotic Relationships Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism • Pathogenicity and Virulence Evolution of parasitism Attenuation of virulence • The Infectious Process: 1) Exposure: Oral, respiratory, parenteral, etc 2) Attachment: Pili, capsules, proteins, etc 3) Colonization: Metabolism, replication, avoid clearance 4) Tissue Damage: Toxins, invasiveness, immune response

  3. Principles of Infectious Disease • The Host-Parasite Relationship • Colonization and Normal Microbiota Permanent residents, transients and opportunists • Symbiotic Relationships Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism • Pathogenicity and Virulence Evolution of parasitism Attenuation of virulence • The Infectious Process: 1) Exposure: Oral, respiratory, parenteral, etc 2) Attachment: Pili, capsules, proteins, etc 3) Colonization: Metabolism, replication, avoid clearance 4) Tissue Damage: Toxins, invasiveness, immune response

  4. Colonization

  5. NormalMicrobiota

  6. Principles of Infectious Disease • The Host-Parasite Relationship • Colonization and Normal Microbiota Permanent residents, transients and opportunists • Symbiotic Relationships Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism • Pathogenicity and Virulence -Evolution of parasitism -Attenuation of virulence • The Infectious Process: 1) Exposure: Oral, respiratory, parenteral, etc 2) Attachment: Pili, capsules, proteins, etc 3) Colonization: Metabolism, replication, avoidance of immune clearance 4) Tissue Damage: Toxins, invasiveness, adverse immune response

  7. Routes of Exposure

  8. Attachment

  9. Colonization

  10. Avoiding the Immune Response

  11. Avoiding the Immune Response

  12. Tissue Damage:Invasiveness

  13. TissueDamage:Invasion

  14. Tissue Damage:The Actionof Exotoxins

  15. Epidemiology • Reservoirs of Agents Humans, Animals, Inanimate, Nosocomial • Transmission of Agents Contact, Vectors, Vehicles • Disease Categories Infectious vs contagious; Chronological sequence; Geographical distribution; Incidence rates; Extent of involvement; Agents; Clinical nature

  16. NosocomialInfections

  17. Transmission:How the MicroorganismsSpread

  18. Portals of Entry: How the agents enter the body

  19. Incidence

  20. Emerging Diseases

  21. The Immune System • Functions of the Immune System • Types of Immune Responses • Organization of the Immune System • Innate Defense Mechanisms • Acquired Defense Mechanisms • Applied Immunology A macrophage

  22. The Immune System • Functions of the Immune System Defense – Recognition of… Homeostasis – Recognition of… Surveillance – Recognition of… • Types of Immune Responses Humoral – Transferred by… Cellular – Transferred by… Innate – First and second line defenses Acquired – “Antigen driven” third line defenses Recognition, Specificity, Memory • Organization of the Immune System • Innate Defense Mechanisms • Acquired Defense Mechanisms • Applied Immunology

  23. Epithelial Barriers

  24. Chemical Barriers

  25. The Immune System • Functions of the Immune System • Types of Immune Responses • Organization of the Immune System Cells: Phagocytes: Neutrophils, macrophages, APC’s Antigen responsive cells: B and T cells Tissues: Primary: Bone marrow, thymus Secondary: Lymph nodes, spleen, diffuse lymphoid tissue Molecules: Enzymes, interferons, complement, interleukins, antibody • Innate Defense Mechanisms • Acquired Defense Mechanisms • Applied Immunology

  26. Hematopoiesis

  27. Tissues

  28. The Immune System • Functions of the Immune System • Types of Immune Responses • Organization of the Immune System • Innate Defense Mechanisms Phagocytosis Inflammation Interferon Complement • Acquired Defense Mechanisms • Applied Immunology

  29. Distribution of Phagocytic Cells

  30. Phagocytosis

  31. Inflammation

  32. Interferon

  33. C’

  34. The Immune System • Functions of the Immune System • Types of Immune Responses • Organization of the Immune System • Innate Defense Mechanisms • Acquired Defense Mechanisms -Humoral vs cellular specific immunity -The nature of antigens -The nature of antibodies -The functions of antibodies -Clonal selection -Humoral (antibody) immune responses -Cellular immune responses -Natural killer cells • Applied Immunology

  35. Antigens

  36. Antibodies

  37. Functions ofAntibodies

  38. Passive Transfer of Antibody

  39. ClonalSelection

  40. Antibody Production

  41. Immunity:-APC’s-Ag Processing-Il-1 Production-Ag Presentation-Th Activation-Il-2 Production-Th Development-Th1 and CMI-Th2 and Antibody-Tc Developement-Tc Killing

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