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KEY CONCEPT Sponges and cnidarians are the simplest animals.

KEY CONCEPT Sponges and cnidarians are the simplest animals. Sponges are the most primitive animals on Earth. 570 million-year-old fossils closely related to group of protists. Sponges have specialized cells but no tissues. Sponges share common characteristics. sessile

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KEY CONCEPT Sponges and cnidarians are the simplest animals.

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  1. KEY CONCEPTSponges and cnidarians are the simplest animals.

  2. Sponges are the most primitive animals on Earth. 570 million-year-old fossils closely related to group of protists Sponges have specialized cells but no tissues. • Sponges share common characteristics. • sessile • reproduce both sexually and asexually • filter feeders

  3. Sponges have several types of specialized cells. spicule pore osculum pinacocyte amoebocyte choanocyte • pinacocytes • choanocytes • amoebocytes

  4. Cnidarians have two body forms. polyps Cnidarians are the oldest existing animals that have specialized tissues. In the polyp form of a coral, the tentacles and mouth face upward.

  5. medusas In the medusa form of a jellyfish, the tentacles and mouth face downward.

  6. gastrovascular cavity mouth mesoglea tentacle discharged nematocyst oral arms barbs coiled nematocyst • Cnidarians are made up of two tissue layers separated by mesoglea. • The outer tissue layer has three cell types. • contracting cells • nerve cells • cnidocytes (which contain nematocysts)

  7. Three tissue layers: • Ectoderm: outside layer of cells • Mesoderm: middle layer • Endoderm: inner layer

  8. The four major cnidarian classes are defined by their dominant body form. • Anthozoans such as sea anemones have a dominant polyp stage.

  9. The four major cnidarian classes are defined by their dominant body form. • Hydrozoans such as hydra alternate between forms.

  10. The four major cnidarian classes are defined by their dominant body form. • Scyphozoans are jellyfish with a dominant medusa form. • Anthozoans such as sea anemones have a dominant polyp stage. • Hydrozoans such as hydra alternate between forms. • Scyphozoans are jellyfish with a dominant medusa form. • Cubozoans such as sea wasps have a dominant medusa form.

  11. Sea Wasp jellyfish • One of most dangerous jellyfish

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