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Pre-clinical evaluation of novel socket materials

Pre-clinical evaluation of novel socket materials. Brian McLaughlin, David Simpson & Arjan Buis. Traditional socket production. Wrap casting Appling pressure to predetermined areas. Traditional socket production. Remove the cast from the patient

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Pre-clinical evaluation of novel socket materials

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  1. Pre-clinical evaluation of novel socket materials Brian McLaughlin, David Simpson & Arjan Buis

  2. Traditional socket production • Wrap casting • Appling pressure to • predetermined areas

  3. Traditional socket production • Remove the cast from the patient • Fill wrap cast with plaster of Paris slurry • Remove bandages from the cast • ~destroys the original data • Rectify cast

  4. Traditional socket production • This process creates a model which is not the same shape as the stump but which has been modified by artisan techniques ~no record is available of these changes.

  5. Traditional socket production • Remove plaster model from • socket • Destroys the modified data.

  6. Traditional socket production • This method of design and fabrication is able to produce comfortable sockets. • However, the process has drawbacks. • No permanent record of the patient’s stump geometry nor the rectified cast. • both the wrap cast and the positive mould are destroyed during the process.

  7. CAD-CAM • Scanning with a variety • of scanners • A digital model of the • stump shape is stored • On-screen rectification

  8. CAD-CAM • The file is usually sent to a central fabrication facility. • Blank is cut by a milling machine. • BUT the socket is still produced in the usual way using artisan methods and techniques.

  9. But • Considerable variability in the quality of sockets produced by different central fabrication facilities. • Sanders et al CAD/CAM transtibial prosthetic sockets. JRRD, 44, 3 2007

  10. Rapid Manufacture • RM is a relatively new class of manufacturing • technology • Has the potential to create a prosthetic socket • directly from the CAD data.

  11. Rapid Manufacture • Material is deposited in thin • horizontal sections to form • the finished component.

  12. Rapid Manufacture • Stereolithography • Selective Laser Sintering • 3D Printing • Fused Deposition Modelling

  13. Fused Deposition Modelling • Price of this equipment has fallen and it is becoming affordable. • Strength of ABS is claimed to be similar to some materials that are currently used for socket fabrication. • Our intention was to test this material against existing socket materials.

  14. Specimen Preparation • ABS Dimension Elite • ABS M30 • Polycarbonate • Pre & Post draped • Copolymer polypropylene • Fibre reinforced acrylic • resin (Blatchford trans-tibial lay-up)

  15. Tensile Testing • Five samples of each • material were tested in an • Instron tensile testing machine. • Strain rate of 5mm/minute for all • specimens. • Stress was calculated using the • dimensions at the point of fracture • as measured prior to testing.

  16. Results

  17. Summary • The laminated resins are considerably stronger than the other materials tested – are they too strong? • The draping process appears not to affect the strength of copolymer polypropylene. • ABS+ and ABS-M30 materials have been shown to be of similar strength to copolymer. • Polycarbonate seems to be twice as strong as copolymer and therefore the most appropriate material to continue evaluating.

  18. Future Work • Further evaluation of polypropylene as a suitable socket material • Produce polycarbonate sockets for testing to the ISO standards • Produce sockets for clinical trials, subject to ethical approval

  19. The End Thanks to Laser Lines for supplying the FDM test samples

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