CAMPAIGNS, ELECTIONS & THE MEDIA

1. CAMPAIGNS, ELECTIONS& THE MEDIA AP Gov’t UNIT III “Mile-a-Minute Mini Lecture”

2. Chapter 9: Nominations & Campaigns • The Nomination Game pg. 270 “WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT BECOMING PRESIDENT WHEN YOU GROW UP” = you need this handout! • A. Introduction: Money, media attention & momentum • B. Deciding to Run • senator, governor, representative = offices from which to make a presidential run • C. Competing for Delegates • Win state primaries & state caucuses • Iowa & New Hampshire • Frontloading • National Primary or Regional Primary = possibly fix?

3. % of Media Coverage of Primary Elections

4. Chapter 9: Nominations & Campaigns • D. The Convention Send-off • McGovern-Fraser Commission • Superdelegates @ the Democratic Convention only II. The Campaign Game pg. 279 • A. The High-Tech Media Campaign • Direct mail for fund raising • Over 50% of a presidential campaign budget is for TV ads • Media events • B. Organizing the Campaign • Campaign Manager & pollsters • Media consultant & press secretary • Research staff & campaign counsel

5. Chapter 9: Nominations & Campaigns III. Money and Campaigning pg. 284 • Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974 • Created the FEC • Limited individual campaign contributions to $1000 • Required disclosure • Buckley v. Valeo • Overturned $1000 limit on an individual spending on their own campaign • FECA amended in 1979 to allow Soft Money • Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 • Raised individual contribution limits to $2000 • Banned soft money, by placing limits on how much an individual can donate to a political party

6. Chapter 9: Nominations & Campaigns • B. The Proliferation of PACs • Can donate limited amounts to candidates • Can spend unlimited amounts endorsing or attacking a candidate • C. Are Campaigns Too Expensive? • D. Does Money Buy Victory? IV. The Impact of Campaigns pg. 291 • Reinforcement / Activation / Conversion • Selective Perception • Incumbent Advantage • “WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS” = you need this handout!

7. Chapter 9: Nominations & Campaigns V. Understanding Nominations and Campaigns pg. 292 • A. Are Nominations and Campaigns Too Democratic? • B. Do Campaigns Lead to Increases in the Scope of Government?

8. Chapter 10: Elections & Voting Behavior I. How American Elections Work pg. 298 • Primary Elections • General Elections • Policy Elections (initiatives & referendums) II. A Tale of Three Elections pg. 299 • A. 1800: The First Electoral Transition of Power • B. 1896: A Bitter Fight over Economic Interests • C. 2000: What a Mess! III. Whether to Vote: A Citizen’s First Choice pg. 304 • A. Introduction (expansion of suffrage= lower voter turnout)

10. Chapter 10: Elections & Voting Behavior • B. Deciding Whether to Vote • Political Efficacy • People who see differences between the parties • Civic Duty • C. Registering to Vote • Contributes to lower voter turnout rates • Motor Voter Act of 1993

11. Chapter 10: Elections & Voting Behavior • D. Who Votes? • Education • Age • Race • Gender • Martial Status • Residence • Union Members & Gov’t employees

12. Chapter 10: Elections & Voting Behavior IV. How Americans Vote: Explaining Citizens’ Decisions pg. 310 • A. Introduction: mandate theory of elections • B. Party Identification • C. Candidate Evaluations: How Americans See the Candidates (Looking for integrity / reliability / competence) • D. Policy Voting V. The Last Battle: The Electoral College pg. 315 “WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE” = you need this handout! VI. Understanding Elections and Voting Behavior pg. 317 • A. Democracy and Elections (Retrospective Voting) • B. Elections and the Scope of Government

13. Chapter 7: The Mass Media I. Introduction pg. 210 • High-tech politics: shapes citizens behavior & the policy agenda II. The Mass Media Today pg. 212 • Media Events • Candidate Image III. The Development of Media Politics pg. 213 • A. Introduction: • FDR & press conferences • Nixon & investigative journalism

14. Chapter 7: The Mass Media • B. The Print Media • Newspaper circulation declining • News sources are changing & differ by age group • C. The Broadcast Media • Main source of info • Nixon v. Kennedy debate • D. Narrowcasting: Cable TV and the Internet

15. Reporting the News • Remember the shrinking Sound Bite??

16. Chapter 7: The Mass Media IV. Reporting the News pg. 225 • A. Introduction • News = timely & different • News = entertaining to the viewer & profitable to the network • B. Finding the News • Beats & trial balloons • C. Presenting the News • Sounds bites / horse race & body watch • D. Bias in the News • More Dem. Reporters than Rep. • Bias toward disaster & scandal / Bias against “talking heads”

17. Chapter 7: The Mass Media V. The News and Public Opinion pg. 233 VI. The Media’s Agenda-Setting Function pg. 234 VII. Understanding the Mass Media pg. 235 • A. The Media and the Scope of Government • Press as watch-dog = restricts scope of gov’t • Press as reform = calls for increase in scope of gov’t • B. Individualism and the Media • Candidates can use media to run & raise $$ on their own w/o much party help • C. Democracy and the Mass Media • More information hasn’t made us more informed