1 / 89

Chapter 30 Section 3

Chapter 30 Section 3. Benito Mussolini. THE RISE OF BENITO MUSSOLINI. Benito Mussolini was an opportunist, more interested in power than in principles in his youth Mussolini was a socialist but came out of World War I an intense nationalist. THE RISE OF BENITO MUSSOLINI.

johndbennett
Download Presentation

Chapter 30 Section 3

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 30 Section 3

  2. Benito Mussolini

  3. THE RISE OF BENITO MUSSOLINI • Benito Mussoliniwas an opportunist, more interested in power than in principles • in his youth Mussolini was a socialist but came out of World War I an intense nationalist.

  4. THE RISE OF BENITO MUSSOLINI • Italy came out of World War I in chaos many nationalist unhappy with peace treaties because Italy was not given land

  5. THE RISE OF BENITO MUSSOLINI • economic problems arose because peasants seized lands • workers went on strike or took over factories • veterans faced unemployment upon their return.

  6. THE RISE OF BENITO MUSSOLINI • Mussolini was a fiery speaker who promised to end corruption in government and restore order to Italy. • He wanted to revive the greatness of the old Roman Empire

  7. THE RISE OF BENITO MUSSOLINI • In 1919 Mussolini organized the Fasci di Combattimentoor combat groups made up of discontented veterans and others.

  8. THE RISE OF BENITO MUSSOLINI • Called “Black Shirts”, they rejected the democratic process in favor of violent action.

  9. THE RISE OF BENITO MUSSOLINI • These combat groups will later become the Fascist Party under Mussolini's control; [fasces were bundled sticks wrapped around an ax – the symbol of authority in ancient Rome]

  10. The characteristics of the Fascist include intense nationalism, militarism, and sworn enemies of socialism and communism.

  11. THE RISE OF BENITO MUSSOLINI • They rejected the ideals of the enlightenment’s belief in reason • democracy leads to corruption and weakness. • Fascism emphasized the obligation of the individual (blind loyalty) to serve the state rather than freedom of the individual

  12. THE RISE OF BENITO MUSSOLINI • anti-democratic with an aggressive foreign policy intent on expansion.

  13. THE RISE OF BENITO MUSSOLINI • Above all else it emphasized a cult of the leader designed to propel the movement's leader into power • Mussolini will be given title Il Duce("the leader")

  14. THE RISE OF BENITO MUSSOLINI • Fascist party was slow to start; the "Black Shirts" would break up socialist’s rallies and smash their presses. • They terrorized socialists meetings and the trade unionists. • They used intimidation and terror to silence all their opposition.

  15. THE RISE OF BENITO MUSSOLINI • The Fascists found allies among business leaders, wealthy landowners and the lower middle class • just the opposite of the communist who found their support in the urban poor and agriculture workers.

  16. THE RISE OF BENITO MUSSOLINI • In late 1922 Mussolini called for a March on Rome(spread rumor that communists were planning a coup against the government)

  17. THE RISE OF BENITO MUSSOLINI • fearing the outbreak of a civil war King Victor Emmanuel IIIappointed Mussolini as prime minister of Italy.

  18. THE RISE OF BENITO MUSSOLINI • Thus Benito Mussolini was able to seize power without firing a single shot.

  19. CONSOLIDATING FASCIST POWER • Once in power, Mussolini suppressed rival parties, censored the press, limited the number of voters, and rigged elections..

  20. CONSOLIDATING FASCIST POWER • Italy was a dictatorship with Mussolini using violence and terror to remain in power • Any critics were thrown in prison, exiled, or murdered outright. • Secret police and propaganda were weapons used to maintain control.

  21. CONSOLIDATING FASCIST POWER • Italy's economy was brought under state control • Preserved capitalism by puttingbusiness, labor, government, and Fascist leaders in control of industries. • Workers were forbidden to strike and wages were lowered.

  22. CONSOLIDATING FASCIST POWER • The individual was unimportant to Fascists except as a member of the state • glorification of the state was supreme.

  23. CONSOLIDATING FASCIST POWER • To encourage population growth; in 1934 Italy created a special tax on bachelors. • In 1938 a law was created that limited women to no more than 10% of the higher paying jobs.

  24. CONSOLIDATING FASCIST POWER • Women were urged to stay home and raise the children. Women urged to have many children who would be taught strict military discipline

  25. CONSOLIDATING FASCIST POWER • Mussolini built the first totalitarian state which served as a model for others to follow1) single-party dictatorship 2) State control of economy 3) Police spies and state terrorism4) strict censorship and government control of media 5) Use of schools and media to indoctrinate and mobilize citizens 6) Unquestioning obedience to a single ruler

  26. CONSOLIDATING FASCIST POWER • What is the appeal of fascism? 1. Promised it's people a strong, stable government 2. Ended political feuding that had paralyzed democracy 3. Nationalism appealed to most people national pride was given to the Italian people 4. Mussolini projected a sense of power and confidence in a time of chaos and despair

  27. Chapter 30 Section 4

  28. Adolf Hitler

  29. The Weimar Republic • In 1919 German leaders created a constitution in the city of Weimar – The Weimar Republic. • It created a parliamentary system led by a Chancellor. • It also gave women the right to vote

  30. Problems • The new republic had many small political parties resulting in a weak Germany. • Whomever became Chancellor needed to form coalitions with other political parties. • In addition the government was moderate which means that it was under constant attack from the left and the right.

  31. Problems • The communist wanted changes like those in Russia. • The conservatives – the old Junker nobility, the military officers, and the wealthy thought that the government was too weak and liberal. • They wanted a strong leader like Bismarck.

  32. Problems • Another major problem was that most Germans blamed the Weimar Republic for the Treaty of Versailles. • In addition many Germans used the Jews as a scapegoat for all their troubles.

  33. Inflation • In 1923 to make its reparations payments the German government printed large amounts of paper money. • The result was inflation. By 1924 a United States dollar was worth 4 trillion, 200 billion German marks.

  34. Problems • In 1924 the United States created the Dawes Plan • reduced German war reparations • France withdrew from the Ruhr Valley which they had occupied. • German economy was on the rise until the Great Depression hit in 1929.

  35. RISE OF ADOLF HITLER • Adolf Hitlerwas born in Austria. • He moved to Vienna and tried to get in to art school there but was rejected. • It is in Vienna that Hitler develops his anti-Semitic feelings.

  36. RISE OF ADOLF HITLER • When World War I started he enlisted and served in the German army during World War I • He is wounded and received the Iron Cross for bravery.

  37. RISE OF ADOLF HITLER • He will come out of the war a strong German nationalist but disillusioned like so many other German veterans. • Hitler will join a ultranationalist party which he will take over and rename the German Socialists Workers Party (Nazis)

  38. RISE OF ADOLF HITLER • Hitler became well known for his speeches where he criticized the Versailles Treaty and blamed the Jews for Germany's defeat in World War I

  39. RISE OF ADOLF HITLER • his followers' were organized into a party militia known as the Brown Shirts(SA) orstorm troopers—led by Ernst Roehm • in 1923 Hitler and his Nazis joined with General Ludendorffto seize power in Munich Uprising (Beer Hall Putsch)

  40. RISE OF ADOLF HITLER • the attempt failed and Hitler was arrested and put on trial for treason • he was convicted and sentenced to 5 years (served nine months)

  41. Mein Kampf • while in prison Hitler wrote Mein Kampf("My Struggle")

  42. Mein Kampf • this work detailed his political ideas including his extreme nationalist ideas and his ideas about German racial superiority • "Aryan Race", - the master race - anti-Semitism, and anti-Marxism.

  43. Mein Kampf • Hitler also wrote on what Germany's foreign policy should be. Germany needed living space (Lebensraum) which it would get in the east from Russia (would have to defeat France because they would not sit idly by while this took place)

  44. Mein Kampf • He proposed to eliminate all Jews from Europe. • He went back to his speeches and found a following among veterans and the lower middle class.

  45. The Great Depression • the Great Depression helped increase Nazi Party membership • as unemployment grew so did membership in the Nazi party. • Hitler’s program appealed to workers, the lower middle class, small town Germans, and business people alike. • He promised to end reparations, create jobs, and rearm German in defiance of the Treaty of Versailles.

  46. The Great Depression • As the Depression hits Germany the Nazis will gain more and more support from the unemployed and from property owners.

  47. Hitler Takes Power • By 1933 Nazis had the largest membership in the Reichstag(Lower House). • The communist were the second largest.

  48. Hitler Takes Power • The result was that conservative politicians feared the communist more than they feared Hitler. • They turned to Hitler to control the communist even though they hated him. • They believed that they could control Hitler.

  49. Hitler Takes Power • In order to preserve order, the President of the German Republic (Weimar Republic), former general Paul von Hindenburgwho will name Hitler as chancellor in Jan. 1933.

More Related