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Understanding the Changes in Hazard Communication (HAZCOM) and the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labe

Learn about the GHS and its impact on hazard communication. This training covers the harmonized definitions of hazards, criteria for labels, and the format for safety data sheets.

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Understanding the Changes in Hazard Communication (HAZCOM) and the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labe

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  1. Hazard Communication(HAZCOM) and the GloballyHarmonizedSystem of Classificationand Labelingof Chemicals (GHS) • Understandingthechanges 2014

  2. Department of LaborOccupationalHealth andSafetyAdministration (OSHA) Susan HarwoodTrainingGrant Department of Labor OccupationalHealth andSafetyAdministration (OSHA) Susan HarwoodTrainingGrant This materialwasproduced underSusanHarwoodgrant number SH-24928-SH3OccupationalSafetyandHealth Administration,U.S.Department of Labor. Thecontentsin this presentationdonot necessarilyreflecttheviewsor policiesof theU.S.Department of Labor,nor does the mentionof tradenames, commercial products, or organizationsimplyendorsementbythe U.S. Government.

  3. WorkTeam WorkTeam ThePennsylvaniaState University University Park,PA Outreach&Professional Education

  4. LearningObjectives LearningObjectives • At theendofthistraining session,youwillbeableto: • Define&DescribewhatGHS is • ListGHSTargetSectors • Identify andUseGHSElementsforLabeling& • Communicatingtoyourcolleagues/employees • Understand,DescribeandConstructatemplateof • yourownSafetyDataSheet(ifneedbe)

  5. Global harmonization system

  6. What is GHS

  7. What is GHS? • TheGloballyHarmonizedSystem(GHS) is an international approachtohazard communication,providingagreed criteriafor classificationof chemicalhazards, anda standardizedapproachto labelelementsandsafety data sheets. • The GHSwasnegotiatedina multi-yearprocess by hazard communicationexperts frommanydifferent countries, internationalorganizations,andstakeholdergroups. • Itis basedonmajorexistingsystemsaroundtheworld, includingOSHA's HazardCommunicationStandardandthe chemicalclassificationandlabelingsystems of otherUS agencies

  8. What is GHS? • GHSestablishes • Harmonizeddefinitionsofhazards • Physical,health,environmental • Specificcriteriaforlabels • Pictograms,signalwords,hazardand • precautionarystatements • Harmonizedformatforsafety datasheets • 16sections(ANSIformat)

  9. How wasGHSdeveloped? • UnitedNationsOrganization(UN)initiativesince 1992to providea system forthe standard handlingofchemicals • Thesystem used as reference severalexisting system fromvariouscountries. Itis now • availableforadoptionby competent authoritiesaround • the world. • Revision3 of theGHSwasbe usedbyOSHAas the referencefor theproposedHazardCommunicationrule(5theditionis out)

  10. Principlesof Harmonization Principlesof Harmonization • Harmonizationshouldnot reduce thelevelof • protection. • Requireschangesinallexistingsystems. • Thescopeincludesbothhazardclassification criteriaandhazardcommunicationtools(labels,SDS’s).

  11. Principlesof Harmonization Principlesof Harmonization • Targetaudiencesinclude consumers,workers, transportworkersandemergencyresponders. • Informationshouldbepresentedina comprehensivemannertoallaudiences • RegardingchemicalsConfidentialBusiness Information(CBI)shouldbeprotectedwithout compromisingworkersafety.

  12. GuidingPrinciples GuidingPrinciples • Allhazardouschemicalsarecoveredto some extent,includingmixtures • TheGHSdoesnot includerequirementsfor additionaltestingforhealthhazardsnorestablishes uniformtest methods • Thesystemshould takeaccountexistingdata from testingforhazarddetermination.

  13. Why is the GHSneeded? Why is the GHSneeded? • Thecorrecthandlingofchemicalsrequiresthat materialinformationbeprovidedbymeansof labels,symbolsanddatasheets. • Differencesincountriesregulationshaveresulted in non standardizedinformationforthesamematerial leadingtomishandlingand /orunsafesituations

  14. Why isthe GHS needed? Why isthe GHS needed? • Thesedifferencesimpactbothprotection andtrade. • Protection:inconsistentinformation forthesamechemicalcanleadto mishandling. • Trade:compliancewithmultiple regulationsregardinghazard classificationand labellingiscostly andtime-consuming.

  15. Applicationof GHS • Thesystemiscreatedasa “building-block”(modular)approach • Thismeansthateachauthority/agency/adoptsthe“blocks”thatareapplicabletoexistingornewregulationsundertheirscope • ForExample:one regulatoryagencyis expectedtoadoptprovisionsforvarious elementssuchaslabelsandSDS,whilethe otheragencyonlyadoptsprovisionsforlabels duetheirsectorofinterest

  16. BuildingBlockapproach Hazardclasses Health Physical Acute Toxicity Skin Explosives Category 1-4 Category 1-6 Thebuildingblocksarethehazardclassesandcategoriesandeachcompetent authorityadoptsthebuildingblocksthatareapplicabletotheirspecificsector.

  17. Hazard communication adopts GHS

  18. Target Sectors • GHStargetsthesesectors: • Workplace • Consumers • Transport • EmergencyResponders

  19. GHS impact • Based on those sectorsGHS impactsseveral USagencies: • EnvironmentalProtectionAgency (EPA) • PesticidesProgram • ConsumerProductSafetyCommission(CPSC) • Userendofproductsormaterials • DepartmentofTransportation(DOT) • HazardousMaterialsRegulations

  20. GHSimpact • OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration (OSHA) • UnderHAZCOM, OSHAhas more requirementsaffected by theGHS thanany other USagency • hazards, • labels, • safetydatasheets, • training • Mainimpact is onthe HazardCommunicationStandard whichcovers 945,000hazardouschemicalproducts and 7 millionworkplaces.

  21. HCS History HCS History • FirstpublicationonNov.1983.Onlycovered manufacturingsector.FinalRulewaspublishedon Aug1987coveringallemployersexceptforthe constructionindustry(temporary) • SupremeCourtdecision toenforceallprovisionsin all industrialsegmentswasonFeb1990. • Publicationof finalruleonFeb.1994including • technicalamendmentsandminorchanges

  22. HCS Framework HCS Framework • Purpose-toensurethatthehazardsofall chemicalsproducedorimportedareevaluated,and thatinformationconcerningtheirhazardsis transmitted toemployersandemployees. • Scope–worksiteswhereemployeescouldbe • exposedto hazardouschemicals

  23. HCSFramework HCS Framework • How–transmittinginformationbymeansofa completehazardcommunicationprogramthat includes: • listofhazardouschemicalspresent • containerlabelingandother formsofwarning, • safety datasheetsand • employeetraining

  24. ResponsibilitiesunderHCS • OSHArequiresmanufacturersand importersto evaluatethehazardsrelatedtochemicalsthey produceorimport. • This evaluationwillbechangedtoa hazardclassification • Employersarerequiredtoinformtheiremployees about thehazardsrelatedtochemicalstheymight beexposed toandcorrespondingprotective measures. • Labelsandsafety data sheets change • Trainingneedsto includeGHS adoptedelements

  25. GHS main elements • Classificationcriteria • Standardizedforhealth,physicaland • environmentalhazards • Hazardcommunicationelements • Labels • Standardizedelementsand format • SafetyDataSheets • Standardizedsectionsand format

  26. Health,Physical,Environmental • Health,Physical,Environmental GHS–HazardClassification

  27. GHS: EnvironmentalHazards GHS: EnvironmentalHazards • HazardoustotheAquaticEnvironment • Acute–injuryaftershorttermexposure • Chronic–injuryduringtheorganismlifecycle • -Includesfish,crustaceans,andalgaeorother aquaticplants • Theenvironmentalhazardsarenotcoveredby OSHA.Thecompetentauthority forthosewould beEPA

  28. New GHS health hazards

  29. GHS Health Hazards(10) GHS Health Hazards(10) • AcuteToxicity • Skin corrosion/Irritation • Seriouseyedamage/eyeirritation • Respiratoryorskin sensitization • Germcellmutagenicity • Carcinogenicity • Reproductivetoxicity • SpecificTargetorgan toxicity–Singleexposure • SpecificTargetorgan toxicity–repeatedexposure • Aspirationhazard

  30. Definitions: HealthHazards Definitions: HealthHazards • Acutetoxicity“referstothoseadverseeffects occurring followingoralordermal administrationofasingledoseofa substance,ormultipledosesgivenwithin 24hours,oraninhalationexposureof4 • hours”. • –Substancesareassignedtooneoffive includedcategoriesbasedonoral, dermal,and inhalationtoxicity. • OSHAdidnotadoptcategory5

  31. Definitions:HealthHazards • Skin corrosionisdefinedas“theproductionofirreversibledamageto theskin; namely,visiblenecrosis throughtheepidermisand intothe dermis,whichwasfollowedbythe • applicationofatestsubstanceforup • to4hours”. • –GHS does notrequireadditionaltesting. • Basedon availabledata forthat chemical • Corrosive reactionsare typifiedbyulcers, bleeding,bloodyscabs. Visibledamageto skinafter contact withsubstance

  32. Definitions:HealthHazards • Skin irritationisdefinedas“theproductionofreversibledamageto theskinfollowingtheapplicationofatestsubstanceforupto4hours”. Beforecontact OSHAadoptedtwocategoriesfortheSkinCorrosion/irritationhazardclass Aftercontact

  33. Definitions:HealthHazards • Skin sensitizer“meansachemicalthatinducesanallergicresponsefollowingskincontact”. • Respiratorysensitizer“meansachemicalthatwill leadtohypersensitivity oftheairwaysfollowing inhalationofthechemical”. • –There are two categoriesfortheRespiratoryorSkin • Sensitizationhazard class

  34. Definitions: HealthHazards Definitions: HealthHazards • Twocategoriesforeyehazards • Eyeirritationisdefinedas“theproductionofchangesintheeyefollowingtheapplicationoftest substancetotheanteriorsurfaceoftheeye,whicharefull reversiblewithin21daysofapplication”.

  35. Definitions: HealthHazards Definitions: HealthHazards • Seriouseyedamageisdefinedastheproductionof tissuedamageintheeye,orseriousphysicaldecay ofvision,followingapplicationofa testsubstance totheanterior surfaceoftheeye,which isnotfully reversiblewithin21daysofapplication”.

  36. Definitions: HealthHazards Definitions: Health Hazards • GermCellMutagenicity • Amutation“isdefinedasapermanentchangeintheamount orstructureofthegeneticmaterial inacell”. • Thetermmutagenicandmutagen“will beusedforagentsgiving risetoan increasedoccurrenceofmutationsinpopulationsofcellsand/ororganisms”. • Twocategoriesinthishazardclass

  37. Definitions: HealthHazards Definitions: Health Hazards • Carcinogen“meansa substanceoramixtureofsubstanceswhich inducecancerorincreaseits incidence.” Skincancer –Substancesandmixtures whichhave inducedbenignandmalignanttumors inwell-performedexperimentalstudies on animalsare consideredalsoto be presumedor suspectedhuman carcinogens. • Twocategoriesinthis hazard Lungcancer

  38. Definitions: HealthHazards • Reproductivetoxicity“includes adverseeffectsonsexualfunctionandfertilityinadultmalesand females,aswellasadverseeffectsondevelopmentoftheoffspring”. • –Adverseeffectson developmentofthe offspringmeans“any effectof chemicalswhichinterfereswithnormal developmentof theconceptuseither before or afterbirth”. • Twocategoriesinthishazard

  39. Definitions: HealthHazards Definitions: HealthHazards • SpecificTargetOrganToxicity (STOT) • Singleexposuremeans “specific,non-lethaltarget organtoxicityarising fromasingleexposuretoachemical”. • Repeatedexposurerequires morethanoneinstanceof exposure.

  40. Definitions: HealthHazards • STOTiscausedbychemicalsthatare specifictargetorgantoxicants and,as such,presentapotentialforadverse healtheffectsinpeoplewhoare exposedtoit. • STOT– singleexposurehas three hazard categories • STOT– repeatedexposurehas two hazardcategories.

  41. Definitions:HealthHazards Definitions: HealthHazards • Aspirationmeans“theentryofaliquidorsolid chemicaldirectlythrough theoralornasalcavity,or indirectlyfromvomiting, intothetracheaandlower respiratorysystem”. • Includessevere acute effectssuch as chemical pneumonia,varyingdegreesofpulmonaryinjuryor death followingaspiration. • Twocategoriesbut Onlyone category adoptedby OSHA

  42. New Definitions New Definitions… GHS –PhysicalHazards

  43. GHS PhysicalHazards(16) GHS PhysicalHazards(16) • Explosives • Flammablegases • Flammableaerosols • Oxidizinggases • Gasesunderpressure • Flammableliquids • Flammablesolids • Self-reactivesubstancesandmixtures • Pyrophoricliquids • Pyrophoricsolids • Self-heatingsubstancesandmixtures • Substancesandmixtureswhich,in contactwithwater,emit flammablegases • Oxidizingliquids • Oxidizingsolids • Organicperoxides • Corrosivetometals

  44. Physical Hazards Physical Hazards… • ExplosiveSubstancesand Mixtures • Solidorliquidsubstances capableofproducinggasat suchahigh temperatureand pressurethat it cancause damagetosurroundings. • Dividedinto7 categories basedontypeofdamage produced

  45. Physical Hazards PhysicalHazards... • Flammables,include • FlammableGases • FlammableAerosols • FlammableLiquids • FlammableSolids

  46. Physical Hazards PhysicalHazards... • Flammablegasmeansagas havingaflammablerangewithair at20°C(68°F)anda standard pressureof 101.3kPa(14.7psi). • –Twocategories

  47. Physical Hazards PhysicalHazards... • FlammableLiquids • Anyliquidwitha flashpointof • 93°C(199.4°F)orless. • Fourcategories • FlammableSolidsmeansasolid, usuallyinapowderorgranular form,thatiseasilycombustible throughfriction • Twocategories

  48. Physical Hazards PhysicalHazards... • Aerosolmeans“anynon-refillablereceptacle containingagascompressed,liquefiedor dissolvedunderpressure,andfittedwitharelease deviceallowingthecontentstobeejectedas particlesinsuspension inagas,orasafoam,paste,powder,liquidorgas.” • FlammableAerosols • ContainFlammablecomponents • Twocategories

  49. Physical Hazards PhysicalHazards… • Oxidizing gas“meansanygaswhichmay, generallybyprovidingoxygen, causeorcontributetothecombustionofothermaterialmorethanairdoes”. Onecategory. • OxidizingLiquidsandSolids • Thoughnot necessarilycombustibleon their own, generallyby yielding oxygen cause or contributecombustionof other material. • Three categories

  50. Physical Hazards PhysicalHazards... • GasesUnderPressure • Gasescontainedinareceptacle atapressureof200kPa(29psi) ormore,whichare liquefiedor liquefiedandrefrigerated • Includes4groups:compressed gases,liquefiedgases,dissolved gasesandrefrigerated liquefied gases

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