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The Western democracies stumble

Chapter 16.2. The Western democracies stumble. 1919- The Western governments (Britain, France, United States) look powerful Ruled Paris Peace Conference Hopes for democracy among new nations in Eastern Europe Problems beneath the surface. The Labor Party surpasses the Liberal Party

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The Western democracies stumble

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  1. Chapter 16.2 The Western democracies stumble

  2. 1919- The Western governments (Britain, France, United States) look powerful • Ruled Paris Peace Conference • Hopes for democracy among new nations in Eastern Europe • Problems beneath the surface

  3. The Labor Party surpasses the Liberal Party • Labor Party popular among workers • Promoted gradual move toward socialism • As the Liberal Party falters, the middle class begins to back the Conservative Party • With this support, the Conservative Party holds power for much of the 1920s Party struggles in britain

  4. 1914- Parliament attempts to pass a home rule bill- shelved when the war begins • Easter 1916- militant Irish nationalists launch revolt against British rule • Quickly suppressed • 1919- Parliament attempts to pass home rule bill again- fails • IRA begins guerilla warfare against Britain • 1922-agreement reached between moderates Irish Independence at last

  5. The US emerges from WWI in good shape • Late entrant into war=relatively few casualties and little loss of property • Domestic Unrest • Fear of the Bolshevik Revolution set off the Red Scare • Police rounded up foreign born radicals and a number were expelled from the US • Sacco and Vanzetti • The Red Scare let to demands in the limit of immigration “the red scare” and isolationism in the Us

  6. France wanted to secure its borders against Germany • Built Maginot Line along German border • France also strengthened its military alliances with other countries • Strict enforcement of the treaty of Versailles and payment reparations • Kept German Economy weak - $30 Billion = $2.7 Today • Britain disagrees with this Arguing allies

  7. People worked for peace in the 1920s • 1925-Locarno Treaties signed (settled Germany’s disputed borders) • Kellogg Briand Pact- the great powers pursued disarmament • Almost every independent nation signs The search for peace

  8. Peace was fragile The League was powerless to stop aggression Dictators in Europe noted the League’s weaknesses and pursued aggressive foreign policies The League’s weakness

  9. The war hurt and helped some nation’s economies • Britain and France owed a lot of money to the United States • They depended on the reparations from Germany • These Reparations hurt Germany Postwar economics

  10. Britain deeply in debt in the 1920s • Factories were out of date • Unemployment is severe • Wages remain low • 1926- general strike occurs which lasts nine days • The french economy recovered rapidly • Reparations and territories from Germany help out a lot Britain and france recover

  11. The US emerges from the war as the leading economic power The US is the glue that holds the system together The united states booms

  12. The wealth in the US was not evenly spread • The demand for raw goods during the war was great • After demand dwindled, production didn’t • Led to overproduction • Factories began to make less, and cut worker’s jobs Falling demand and overproduction

  13. Prices at the NY Stock exchange were at an all time high • People bought stocks through risky means • The Federal Reserve raised interest rates in 1928 and 1929 to slow the growth • In the autumn of 1929, jitters over the economy caused everyone to sell their stocks all at once • Black Tuesday • Financial panic set in • Stocks crashed • The Great Depression begins Crash and collapse

  14. The governments of Britain, France, and the United States try to find ways to life the depression. The democracies react to the depression

  15. Britain sets up a coalition government made of leaders from all three political parties • By 1931, 1 in 4 workers is unemployed • By the min-1930s France felt the pinch of the Depression • People back Leon Blum- a socialist leader • Strikes soon bring down Blum’s government because he could not solve all of the labor problems Britain and france search for solutions

  16. US president Herbert Hoover believed the government should not intervene in private business matters • Did try limited number of measures to solve crisis (Hoover Dam, etc.) • Didn’t help to ease the financial crisis Hoover’s policy

  17. 1932- Franklin Delano Roosevelt elected • Said the government needed to take an active role in combating the Depression • Introduced the New Deal • Government became more involved in people’s lives • Passed legislation • social security • TVA Roosevelt offers the us a new deal

  18. Natural disaster hit many states- created the Dust Bowl • Migrant workers went Westward • Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck • Dorothea Lange The dust bowl

  19. Hard Times and Good Times in America Migrant Mother

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