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Introduction

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR SUSTAINABLE SPACE EXPLORATION Session 1 Lunar Exploration ESA Human Lunar Architecture Activities Scott Hovland, Head of Human Systems Unit ESA Directorate of Human Spaceflight, Microgravity and Exploration. Introduction. Preparation for Human Lunar Exploration

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Introduction

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  1. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR SUSTAINABLE SPACE EXPLORATIONSession 1 Lunar ExplorationESA Human Lunar Architecture ActivitiesScott Hovland, Head of Human Systems UnitESA Directorate of Human Spaceflight, Microgravity and Exploration

  2. Introduction • Preparation for Human Lunar Exploration • International context and scenario • European stakeholder consultations • Internal studies using the ESTEC Concurrent Design Facility (CDF) • Industrial studies • Definition of European elements for lunar exploration International Cooperation for Sustainable Space Exploration

  3. The Human Spaceflight Vision GroupHSVG • In 2003 the HSVG was formed by invitation to create a vision for European Human Spaceflight leading up to 2025 • The group comprised “visionaries” from eight European countries, supported by “experts” in the field of human spaceflight • They were assembled from many different fields, including space- and non-space industry, communications, marketing, research, and academic institutes supported by ESA • Their task was to analyse the global challenges that will affect the citizens of Europe during the present century, and to assess the needs and interests of the various stakeholders with regard to human spaceflight International Cooperation for Sustainable Space Exploration

  4. The Human Spaceflight Vision GroupHSVG The vision • “In 2025, Europe will begin to operate a permanently manned outpost on the Moon as part of a multi-decade, international exploration effort to serve humanity, thus increasing our knowledge and helping us to address the global challenges of the future.” • By pursuing this initiative, Europe will be able to achieve the following benefits: • To learn how to deal with the global economic and environmental challenges that will face Europe and the world in the 21st century; • To meet long-term goals, such as the fostering of European values and the creation of a knowledge-based, global society International Cooperation for Sustainable Space Exploration

  5. The Human Spaceflight Vision GroupHSVG International Cooperation for Sustainable Space Exploration

  6. HSV CDF Study • In order to better understand the implications of such a vision, ESA performed a feasibility analysis in the ESTEC Concurrent Design Facility • High priority study objectives: • Perform a ‘sanity check’ of a self-sustained lunar base installation • Determine the number of launches required • Perform trade-off of propulsion system combinations • Calculate V requirements for all transfers • Determine need of structure assembly in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) • Determine mission scenario and lunar base assembly strategy • Determine the gross architecture and required infrastructure • Identify technologies to be developed International Cooperation for Sustainable Space Exploration

  7. HSV CDF Study International Cooperation for Sustainable Space Exploration

  8. HSV CDF Study Use of Ariane 5 future evolution capability (27 t to LEO) “10 t” cargo missions: • Double Ariane 5 launch • Direct insertion in LTO and docking in LLO • Cryo Lunar Orbit Injection (LOI) and descent • 7.3 tons payload on the Moon “5 t” cargo missions: • Single Ariane 5 launch • Direct insertion in LTO • Cryo LOI and descent • 4.1 tons payload on the Moon Crew Missions • 3 Ariane 5 Launches to LEO • If no man-rated Ariane 5: Soyuz launch to LEO • Docking and assembly in LEO • Cryo all the way to Lunar surface, storable ascent & return to Earth • Direct re-entry International Cooperation for Sustainable Space Exploration

  9. Lunar Exploration StudyLES 1 CDF Study • This is the first in a series of CDF studies to be performed on Lunar Exploration Architecture elements • Study completed in December 2004 • A single architecture, which satisfied two objectives was studied: • To perform lunar mission(s) to demonstrate technologies and operations for future human Mars missions • To perform sustainable lunar exploration, meaning building the capability for several short duration surface missions to any location on the Moon International Cooperation for Sustainable Space Exploration

  10. Lunar Exploration StudyLES 1 CDF Study • Mars Preparation Missions: • Primary objectives: • Demonstrate long term habitation in relevant environment (surface excluded) (Habitation Module required in any architecture) • Demonstrate end-to-end mission operations,in particular, surface operations (Moon landing required in any architecture) • Secondary objectives: • Demonstrate technologies for the Habitation Module (in particular closed-loop life support) • Demonstrate assembly operations in LEO • Sustainable Lunar Exploration • Primary objective: • To land several times in different surface locations maximising the EVA time on the surface within the programme time International Cooperation for Sustainable Space Exploration

  11. Lunar Exploration StudyLES 1 CDF Study • Study defined an architecture with a habitable hub in LLO with several lunar landers attached allowing • Long duration habitation demonstration in LLO HUB • Excursion type missions to the lunar surface with up to 14 days surface duration • Several trades were performed • Launch strategies/trajectories • Lunar Orbital HUB orbit; LLO vs L1 • Propulsion technologies • Available technologies vs. schedule • Safety impacts • Availability of Heavy Lift Launcher, etc • Several Elements were sized and conceptually designed • Lunar Orbital HUB • Lunar Lander • Propulsion Stages International Cooperation for Sustainable Space Exploration

  12. Lunar Exploration StudyLES 1 CDF Study • Use of both Inflatable and conventional modules for habitation • Support 2 LEVs docked • Support Crew Transfer Vehicle (CTV not designed) • HUB wet mass 55t • Ariane 5 “27” assumed International Cooperation for Sustainable Space Exploration

  13. Lunar Exploration StudyLES 1 CDF Study • LEV wet mass 26 t • Lunar Ascent Vehicle (LAV) • Surface Habitation Module (SHM) • Descent Module (DM) Launch configuration for LEV (Lunar Excursion Vehicle) International Cooperation for Sustainable Space Exploration

  14. Lunar Exploration Study LES 2 CDF Study • Conceptual Design of a Lunar Cargo Transportation System • Initiated May 2005 • Based on LES1 study architecture • Transfer of cargo to Lunar Hub (LLO) • Transfer of cargo to Lunar Surface Base (Pole) • Cargo can be pressurised and unpressurised • Baseline launcher Ariane 5 ES (20+ t to LEO) • Launch strategies/trajectories • Via LEO • Direct to LLO or surface • European heritage • ATV • Technology International Cooperation for Sustainable Space Exploration

  15. Lunar Exploration Study LES 2 CDF Study • Modular or dedicated vehicles • Common carrier for HUB and surface servicing with exchange of prop modules (less development) • Dedicated orbit logistics vehicle and dedicated surface logistics vehicle (more efficient and more flexibility) • Use of capability for delivery of robotic precursor missions International Cooperation for Sustainable Space Exploration

  16. Lunar Exploration Study LES 3 CDF Study • Study to start in June 2005 • Study elements currently being defined • Surface Pressurised Rover • In-Orbit Assembly Infrastructure • Lunar Robotic Mission • Lunar Surface Mobility/Gantry System • In-Space Cryogenic Fuel Storage International Cooperation for Sustainable Space Exploration

  17. Lunar Exploration ArchitectureIndustry Study • Under the ESA Exploration Preparation Programme a study will be performed on Lunar Exploration Architectures and address: • Reference scenarios for lunar exploration • Differences and commonalities of exploration architectures • Selected European contributions including the elaboration of • high-level requirements • development roadmaps • technology requirements • Risks associated with the development • Programmatic and technical feasibility • Cooperation scenarios • High-level development plans • Optional scenarios International Cooperation for Sustainable Space Exploration

  18. ISS Evolution for ExplorationIndustry Study • Activities with industry to identify and develop ISS uses for exploration • 3 main streams of activities • ISS as test bed for exploration technologies and capabilities (e.g. long duration habitation, advanced life support, telemedicine, on orbit assembly, robotics, etc.) • ISS for exploration research (long duration effects on humans, biological life support, advanced fluid and combustion physics, ISRU, etc) • ISS as a possible spaceport for exploration (integration of exploration missions in orbit) • More details in ESA presentation in splinter session 3 International Cooperation for Sustainable Space Exploration

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