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Lesson 4 – UNDERSTANDING NETWORK CABLING

Lesson 4 – UNDERSTANDING NETWORK CABLING. OVERVIEW. Network topologies Network cabling Installing and maintaining Network cabling Selecting and installing a SOHO Network. NETWORK TOPOLOGIES. Network topology = Shape of the Network. It is the most important step in planning a Network.

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Lesson 4 – UNDERSTANDING NETWORK CABLING

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  1. Lesson 4 – UNDERSTANDING NETWORK CABLING

  2. OVERVIEW • Network topologies • Network cabling • Installing and maintaining Network cabling • Selecting and installing a SOHO Network

  3. NETWORK TOPOLOGIES • Network topology = Shape of the Network. • It is the most important step in planning a Network.

  4. Types of Network topologies • Bus topology • Star topology • Ring topology

  5. Bus topology • Common Bus Multipoint Topology. • 1 cable from one end of the Network to the other. • Devices are connected to the cable at different locations.

  6. Bus topology

  7. Bus topology Specifications: • Number of nodes in a segment. • Number of segments used through repeaters. • Proximity of nodes to each other. • Length of a segment. • Coax cable required. • Termination of bus ends.

  8. Bus topology Networks use: • Coaxial cable • BNC T-connectors

  9. Bus topology Advantages: • Least expensive. • Uses less material. • Needs less installation labor.

  10. Bus topology Drawbacks: • Failure in a part of the segment causes the entire segment to fail. • Troubleshooting can take a long time. • Tends to be unreliable.

  11. Bus topology 10Base-2 Ethernet has: • Better performance. • Maximum speed of 10Mbps. • RG-58/AU or RG-58/CU coaxial cable and BNC connectors. • 50-ohm terminating connector. • Maximum of 30 nodes per segment. • Maximum segment length of 185 meters (607 feet). • Extended segments through the use of repeaters. • 1.5 feet distance between nodes.

  12. Star topology • A central unit, called a hub or concentrator, hosts a set of network cables that radiate out to each node on the Network.

  13. Star topology

  14. Star topology Uses either: • 10Base-T Ethernet. • 100Base-T Ethernet.

  15. Star topology 10Base-T Ethernet: • Requires four wires (two twisted-pairs in a single sheath). • Can be run on Cat 3 or Cat 5 cable. • Is limited to a length of 100 meters. • Is unlimited in the number of nodes in a segment. • Uses RJ-45 connectors.

  16. Star topology 100Base-T Ethernet: • Requires eight actual wires (four twisted-pairs in a single sheath). • Uses Cat 5 cable or better. • Is limited to a length of 100 meters. • Is unlimited in the number of nodes in a segment. • Uses RJ-45 connectors.

  17. Star topology Vs. Bus topology • Star topology Networks cost more. • In a Star topology, a single Network connection that goes bad affects only that connection.

  18. Ring topology • Rings are a logical arrangement. • The cables are wired in a star, with each node connected on its own cable to the MAU. • Electrically the Network behaves like a ring. • It is based on Token Ring instead of Ethernet.

  19. Ring topology

  20. Rings Vs. Stars and Bus: • Ethernet Networks manage signals through CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/with Collision Detection). • Token Ring Networks manage their bandwidth with “token passing”.

  21. NETWORK CABLING Basic cable types: • Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) • Shielded twisted-pair (STP) • Coaxial • Fiber-optic cable

  22. Unshielded twisted-pair

  23. Shielded twisted-pair • Similar to UTP, but has a braided metal shield surrounding the twisted pairs. • The metal shield reduces the chance of interference from external electrical sources.

  24. Coaxial cable

  25. Fiber-optic cable • Uses a glass strand and carries data signals as light instead of electricity. • This cable can easily reach 2 miles at 100Mbps.

  26. Twisted-pair cabling Network

  27. Twisted-pair cabling Network An RJ-45 Connection

  28. Twisted-pair cabling Network • The RJ-45 jack on a hub is DCE (data communications equipment). • The jack on a computer’s NIC is DTE (data terminal equipment).

  29. Twisted-pair cabling Network • Communication is not possible between DCE-DCE / DTE-DTE devices using twisted-pair/RJ-45 cable with the following wiring.

  30. Twisted-pair cabling Network • A crossover cable with the following wiring compensates for this shortcoming.

  31. Twisted-pair cabling Network • Twisted-pair performance designations.

  32. Twisted-pair cabling Network • Plenum Vs. Non-Plenum cable

  33. Coaxial cable • Most of the cable is the thin variety (RG-58), used with Thin Ethernet. • Some may use the thicker cable (RG-8) for Thick Ethernet.

  34. Coaxial cable Thin Ethernet cabling is: • Wired in a bus arrangement. • Uses BNC connectors.

  35. Coaxial cable

  36. INSTALLING AND MAINTAINING NETWORK CABLING Cable plant installation should include: • Proper cable and connectors. • Complete labeling of all parts. • As-built drawing of cabling routes and locations. • Certification report for installed cables. • Education for bus-type Network users about the coaxial cable.

  37. Choosing a cabling contractor • How will the contractor document the cable plant? • What are his/her documentation standards? • Will s/he provide a set of as-built drawings? • How does the contractor install the cable to avoid electrical interference sources in the ceiling and walls?

  38. Choosing a cabling contractor • Does the contractor recommend a wiring solution that combines telecom wiring with data wiring? • Has the contractor done any local installations that you can view? • Does the contractor provide speedy post-installation support for new wiring drops?

  39. Choosing a cabling contractor • What equipment does the contractor use to certify the cable plant? • What certification documentation will the contractor provide upon completion? • Does the contractor also provide post-installation troubleshooting services?

  40. Solving cabling problems Typical problems: • Abnormally slow network performance. • Sporadic disconnections from the Network. • Complete loss of Network connectivity. Troubleshooting coaxial cable systems is more difficult because the entire Network is down.

  41. Solving cabling problems To track unobvious problems: • Use a coaxial cable scanner. • Get an extra terminator for the Network.

  42. SELECTING AND INSTALLING A SOHO NETWORK • The following can be shared: • Printers • High-speed Internet connection • Storage space • Backup devices

  43. Selecting a SOHO Network • Standard Network hardware: • A central hub • Network Interface Card (NIC) • Network cable • Operating System

  44. Other home Networks • Phone Line Networks • Power Line Networks • Wireless Networks

  45. SUMMARY • Network topologies: • Bus • Star • Ring

  46. Summary Network cabling: • Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) • Shielded twisted-pair (STP) • Coaxial • Fiber-optic cable

  47. Summary Installing and maintaining Network cabling: • Cable plant installation. • Choosing a cable operator. • Solving cabling problems.

  48. Summary Selecting a SOHO Network: • Advantages • Standard Network hardware • Other home Networks

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