THE INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB: Chapter 2

1. THE INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB:Chapter 2 by Silvia Pereira

2. History of the Internet • Began as a networking project by the Pentagon • Goal was to build a network that: • Allowed scientists from around the world to share information and work together • Could work even if part of the network was destroyed by a disaster

3. How the Internet Works • Connecting to the Internet • Dial-up access • The modem on the computer uses a telephone line to connect (slow speed) • DSL and ISDN • A higher speed connection using regular copper telephone wires • Cable Modem • Provides high-speed connection through a cable television network

4. Access Providers • These are businesses that give people and companies access to the Internet for a fee. • An ISP gives phone numbers which allow access • Connects people to an access point (point of presence: POP) • An OSP includes member-only features • A WSP provides wireless access to users with wireless modems or Web-enabled mobile devices

5. How Data Travels the Internet • Connected computers work together to transfer data and information around the world • Use servers and clients • Carriers of network traffic are known as the Internet backbone • Data is transferred from one network to another until it reaches its final destination

6. Internet Addresses • An addressing system is needed to send data to a specific destination • An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each computer to the Internet • A Domain name is the text version of an IP address • Every domain name has a top-level domain, identifying the organization associated with the domain

7. The World Wide Web • Each document on the Web is called a Web page • A Web site is a collection of related pages and items that are stored on a Web server • A Web browser allows users to use pages • A home page is the first page a Web site shows • Can be changed to whatever the user wants it to be • Downloading is how a computer gets information

8. Web Addresses • Each Web page has a unique address, known as a URL • A URL is typed into the Address text box at the top of the browser window • It consists of a protocol, domain name, and maybe a path to a specific page • A Web server is a computer that sends requested pages to computers

9. Navigating Web Pages • Links • Connect from a Web page to another related page • Nonlinear way to get information • Use of links is referred to as “surfing the Web” • Are usually underlined and in a color different from the other text on that page

10. Searching for Info on the Web • A search engine finds Web sites and pages about chosen topics • Keywords are entered in the text box • Hits, or Web page names that contain text with the keywords, are displayed • A spider is a program that saves the list of keywords used • A subject directory puts pages into a set of categories

11. Portal News Informational Business/Marketing Educational Entertainment Advocacy Personal Types of Web Pages Caution! No one oversees the contents of these pages, so don’t assume they’re accurate.

12. Multimedia on the Web • An application that combines text with: • Graphics • Animation • Audio • Video • Virtual reality • Plug-Ins

13. E-Commerce • A business transaction occurring over the Web • B2C: sale of goods and services to the public • Electronic storefront • C2C: when one consumer sells directly to another • Online auction • B2B: when a business offers goods and services to another business • Technical support

14. E-Mail • It’s the transmission of messages and files via a computer network • E-mail program: used to conduct e-mails • One must address to whom e-mail is being sent to • An address has a user name and a domain name • A user name is unique to each user in a domain • Address books are useful • Contains a list of names and e-mail addresses

15. FTP and Mailing Lists • File Transfer Protocol • Permits file uploading and downloading • Mailing Lists • Group of e-mail names and addresses under a single name • Everyone on that list receives a copy of a message in their mailbox • Can subscribe and unsubscribe

16. Newsgroups and Message Boards • Newsgroups: • Online area where users have discussions about a particular subject through articles • Members send messages so others can reply • Thread: a discussion that’s made up of an original article and all subsequent replies • A news server stores and distributes messages • Message boards are similar to newsgroups, but they don’t need a newsreader to participate in discussion

17. Chat Rooms and Instant Messaging • Chat rooms • Place on the server that allows users to chat • Chat: a real-time conversation • Real-time: people are conversing online at the same time; no time elapse • Instant Messaging • Communication service that allows people to exchange message or files • Also in real-time

18. Netiquette • Code of acceptable behaviors users should follow on the Internet • Avoid offensive language • Avoid sending spam • Don’t use all capital letters • It’s like SHOUTING! • Use emoticons to express emotion • : ) • Use abbreviations and acronyms for phrases • BRB means Be Right Back

19. Web Publishing • It’s the development and maintenance of Web pages • Five major steps to Web publishing • Plan a Web site • Analyze and design a Web site • Create a Web site • Deploy a Web site • Maintain a Web site

20. 5 Steps of Web Publishing • Plan a Web site • Identify the purpose of the site • Determine ways to make the site unique • Analyze and design a Web site • Determine how to meet the aforementioned goals • Design the layout • Text, graphics, audio, video, and virtual reality • Decide if this is possible, or if it is taking on too much

21. 5 Steps of Web Publishing cont’d • Create a Web site • Compose the site • Deploy a Web site • Store the site on a Web server • Registering the site with search engines is a good way to ensure many people see it, for it will appear in the hit list for searches on related keywords • Maintain a Web site • Frequently make sure information is updated and links are current