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Discovery and Settlement of the New World, 1492-1650

Discovery and Settlement of the New World, 1492-1650. In the dark of the night…America today. In the beginning…. No human beings in the Americas until 15,000 BC First humans crossed over land-bridge (Bering Strait) Diffused southward all the way to Cape Horn

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Discovery and Settlement of the New World, 1492-1650

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  1. Discovery and Settlement of the New World, 1492-1650

  2. In the dark of the night…America today

  3. In the beginning… • No human beings in the Americas until 15,000 BC • First humans crossed over land-bridge (Bering Strait) • Diffused southward all the way to Cape Horn • Sparse pop. leads to lack of large-scale societies

  4. Tide of Migration

  5. Diversity of Tribes • Depended on environmental features • We classify tribes according to where they lived

  6. Woodlands Native Americans

  7. Plains Native Americans

  8. Southwest Native Americans

  9. Great Societies of the South • Aztecs • Incas • Mayas These societies developed because pop. accumulated in one place, this never happened in North America

  10. European Exploration Fueled by: New stronger nations Seeking Wealth Nationalist Competition Empire building Religion

  11. 3 G’s of Motivation GOLD!!!GLORY!!!GOD!!!

  12. Early Leaders • Portugal • Prince Henry the Navigator explores coast of Africa • Dias and da Gama round Africa • Spain • Columbus seeks western route • Pope declares Line of Demarcation in New World

  13. Line of Demarcation

  14. Immediate Effects • By 1550, Spain had claimed much of the interior of NA and almost all of SA • Used native pop. as slave labor • Up to 95% of native pop. dies due to smallpox • Conquistadors • Cortes • Pizzaro • De Soto

  15. Early English Exploration • Northwest passage to the Orient • Not much progress for 100 years • Charter Companies form • Mercantilism takes hold • Success of state important, not citizens • Import wealth from overseas

  16. Jamestown • After Roanoke disaster, Jamestown established 1607 • Jamestown meets disaster repeatedly in first years • Order restored through discipline • Rolfe kick-starts tobacco industry, colony grows

  17. Jamestown

  18. William Bradford’s Landing

  19. New England • Bradford & the Puritans settle at Plymouth • Mass. Bay Co. follows and settles over present day MA and NH • Boston becomes capital of colony • Co. becomes a gov’t • Winthrop: “city upon a hill”

  20. Native American Population in North America

  21. North America • No cities to loot or large pop. to convert, Spain focuses on SA (Catholic tradition • Other European nations fill the void in NA (typically Protestant • Dutch, French, and English make claims

  22. Map of New World

  23. Map of New World

  24. Outcomes of Early Settlement • Little profit for investors • Miserable existences for inhabitants • Conflict over land claims with natives

  25. Three Worlds Collide • Eastern NA suddenly find themselves besieged by Europeans • Europeans get “room to grow” • Africans used as human capital by Europeans

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