6.1 Climate Change

1. 6.1 Climate Change Mrs. Page 2015-2016

2. Assessment Statements • 6.1.1 Describe the role of greenhouse gases in maintaining mean global temperature. • 6.1.2 Describe how human activities add to greenhouse gases. • 6.1.3 Discuss qualitatively the potential effects of increased mean global temperature. • 6.1.4 Discuss the feedback mechanisms that would be associated with an increase in mean global temperature. • 6.1.5 Describe and evaluate pollution management strategies to address the issue of global warming. • 6.1.6 Outline the arguments surrounding global warming. • 6.1.7 Evaluate contrasting human perceptions of the issue of global warming.

3. What are your views? • Answer the following: • What is global warming/climate change? • What causes climate change? • What evidence is there to support that idea of climate change? • What are the effects of climate change? • Are there solutions? Is so what are they? • There is a lot of debate about climate change, do you think it is a serious threat? Defend your answer.

4. What views do others have? • Discuss your answers to the previous questions with your table partners: • Do you have the same viewpoints? • What do you agree on? • What do you disagree on?

7. Looking at Data • Use the Graphs Placed Around the Room to answer the questions on the worksheet provided

8. Earth’s Atmosphere • Troposphere • Contains 80% of atmosphere & 99% of its water vapor and aerosols • Where weather occurs • Tropospheric (bad) ozone forms here • Stratosphere • Ozone Layer is here in lower region (protects from UV rays) • Mesosphere • Meteors burn up here

9. Natural vs. Human Induced

10. expressed in watts per square meter(W/m2).

11. What are Greenhouse Gases & How Do Human Contribute? • H2O, water vapor – amount varies by location • CO2, carbon dioxide – about 50% of all greenhouse gases • CH4, methane – about 16% • N2O, nitrous oxide – about 6% • CFC’s – about 20% • All trap heat near Earth’s surface

12. Greenhouse Gases Sorting Activity • Read the list of human activities • Decide which of the greenhouse gases each activity contributes to. • Cut and paste them into the appropriate box

13. Water Vapor - H2O(g) • Most Abundant greenhouse gas • Positive Feedback Loop Higher temps More heat trapped Increased evaporation More H20 Vapor in atmosphere

14. Carbon Dioxide CO2 • Burning Fossil Fuels (coal, natural gas, petroleum) is the single largest greenhouse gas emission • Deforestation is the second largest source – burned and decomposing trees release CO2 to atmosphere • Producing lime to make cement

15. Methane CH4 • Domesticated Animals • Human Sewage • Domesticated Animals • Rice Cultivation (paddy farming) – in flooded fields the bacteria and decomposition releases CH4 • Solid domestic waste – anaerobic

16. Nitrous Oxide N2O • Natural process in the nitrogen cycle • Enhanced by using nitrogen containing Fertilizers • Can last up to 100 years in the atmosphere • Also produced in industrial processes where fossil fuels are burned at very high temperatures

17. CFC’s and Halocarbons • Problems • Deplete the stratospheric ozone • Remain in atmosphere for long periods of time and act as greenhouse gas • Absorb 10,000 x more heat than CO2 • Banned in 1987 Montreal Protocol • Sources • Aerosol Sprays • Plastic foams • Coolants (AC & Fridge) • Fire Extinguishers • Cleaning Solvents

19. Effects of Climate Change - Biodiversity Nest temperature determines sex of green turtles. An increase in droughts causes an increase in peat fires (this year). This increasingly fragments the natural range of orangutans. Frogs rely on water to breed. Adults can die if they dry out.

20. Effects of Climate Change - Biodiversity The amur leopard’s habitat has increased by 1.5oC in the last century. Their prey are likely to relocate if this continues. Thawing snow increases areas available to grow crops, but reduces the range of snow leopards. Northern right whales feed on plankton. Less plankton is found in warmer waters.

21. Effects of Climate Change - Biodiversity

22. Effects of Climate Change & Human Health • With an increase in global temperatures pathogens and their vectors are more likely to survive • Diseases such as lyme disease (carried by ticks), malaria, yellow fever, and dengue may become more prevalent in new regions

23. Effects of Climate Change – Sea Level Rising • As polar ice caps melt sea levels around the world are rising • Coastal regions are in danger of flooding • As Earth warms sea levels also rise due to expansion of water

24. Effects of Climate Change – Sea Level Rising

25. Effects of Climate Change – Sea Level Rising

26. Effects of Climate Change – Loss of Habitat McCarty Glacier in Alaska Pastoruri Glacier in the Andes

27. http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/aboutcc/problems/impacts/species/polar_bears/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/aboutcc/problems/impacts/species/polar_bears/

29. Impacts of Climate Change http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/gw-impacts-interactive/

30. Solutions • Reduce Greenhouse Gases by: • Reduce use of fossil fuels – renewable energy sources (wind, solar, geothermal) • Reforestation • Reduce, Reuse, Recycle – less SDW • Legislation • Carbon tax • Carpool lanes • Mass Transit • Emissions standards

31. Kyoto Protocol • 1997 • 160 nations signed – commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions • And Now Dec. 2015 • http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/01/world/europe/obama-climate-conference-cop21.html

32. What is the Greenhouse Effect? • Watch this animation http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/greenhouse-effect • Effects of Ocean Acidification • https://youtu.be/Wo-bHt1bOsw • NASA – All about Climate Change • http://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/