OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY (OSH420S) BERNADETTE E CLOETE

1. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY (OSH420S) BERNADETTE E CLOETE E-MAIL: bcloete@nust.na/bernadetteclt@gmail.com Tel: 0817282687/061 207 2789 23-24 AUGUST 2018

2. COURSE OBJECTIVES • Develop knowledge, competence and experience of the working environment • Work effectively with others • Establish, maintain and strengthen working relationships with industry and commerce • Follow accidents and emergency procedures within industries and formal training institutions • Apply safe working practices & procedures within industries & formal training centres • Recognise and control hazards in the workplace • Recognise hazardous materials & practises which can negatively affect the environment

3. Unit 1 – Occupational Health & Safety Objectives: Define Occupational Health & Safety Identify the major aims of Occupational Health and Safety Identify the roles and responsibilities of Occupational Health and Safety professionals in Namibia Explain the Occupational Health and Safety Act in Namibia

4. OCH420s – 21 AUGUST 2017 B. CLOETE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

5. What is Occupational Health and Safety ?

6. What is Occupational Health and Safety ? Occupational health and safety (OHS) relates to health, safety, and welfare issues in the workplace. OHS includes the laws, standards, and programs that are aimed at making the workplace better for workers, along with co-workers, family members, customers, and other stakeholders.

7. Definition WHO is NEF? NEF definition– “concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment to foster a safe work environment” Definition is a primary goal Secondary goal is to “protect co-workers, family members, employers, suppliers, nearby communities and other members of the public who are influenced by the workplace environment (NUST-COLL 2013).

8. Major Aims of Occupational Health and Safety • According to the ILO/WHO the main aims of OHS are the: • Maintenance and promotion of workers’ health and capacity • Improvement of working environment and work to become conducive to safety and health • Development of work organisations and working cultures in a direction which supports health and safety at work • Promotes a positive social climate and smooth operation that can enhance productivity of undertakings • (Source: NUST-COLL 2013:9)

9. Namibia Health and Safety Legislation • Statutes • Preventive • Labour Act, 11 of 2007 (s39-47) • Labour General regulations: • Labour Act, 2007 (Act No. 11 of 2007) • Regulations relating to health and safety of employees at work 56 of 1997 • National Occupational Health Policy

10. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN NAMIBIA • Employers, by law, must provide employees with a safe and healthy working environment.  • Occupational Health and Safety in Namibia is governed by the Labour Act Nr 11 of 2007 in conjunction with Regulation 156, 'Regulations Relating to the Health and Safety of Employees at work'.

11. What rules must be adhered to? Good Health Standards Cleanliness Adequate sanitary facilities Protection against dangerous substances Education & Training of both workers and management Identify possible danger areas and take preventative steps to be SAFE (FREE FROM DANGER)

13. Roles and Responsibilities of Employers • Provide and maintain a safe working environment and safe systems of work • Provide and maintain machinery, equipment, appliances, implements, tools and substances in a safe condition • Provide adequate facilities such as toilets, meal areas and first aid services • Provide information, instruction, training and supervision as are necessary to ensure that each employee is safe from injury and risks to health • Monitor working conditions at any workplace that is under the employer’s management control monitor the health, safety and welfare of employees in so far that it is relevant to the prevention of work-related injuries • Keep records of work-related injuries of employees • Advise employees where they can go with enquiries or complaints about health and safety matters

14. Roles and Responsibilities of Employers • Provide information to employees about health and safety in the workplace ensure employees receive proper information, instruction and training before commencing any new work • Ensure employees who are inexperienced in the performance of any hazardous work receive the necessary supervision • Ensure employees who may be put at risk by changes in the workplace, work practices, processes or plant are given proper information, instruction and training before the change occurs, and receive the necessary supervision • Provide managers and supervisors with information, instruction and training to ensure employees under their management or supervision are safe from injuries and risks to health • Ensure any accommodation, eating, recreational or other facility provided for the benefit of employees while at work, or in connection with the performance of work, is maintained in a safe and healthy condition

15. Roles and Responsibilities of employees • Employees must: • Use equipment provided to protect health and safety follow reasonable instructions the employer gives on health and safety • Ensure they are not so affected by alcohol or drugs to endanger their own or any other persons’ health and safety.

16. General rules to protect the health and safety • Consult with employees and their representatives • Identify hazards (potential causes of injury or illness) • Assess the risks, i.e. how likely it is that hazards will cause injury or illness, and how serious this might be control and minimise the risks to ensure that injury or illness is prevented • Provide information, instruction, training and supervision to ensure employees are aware of any risks and what must be done to control them • Report hazardous situations, fatalities, injuries and illness so action can be taken to prevent them from happening again.

17. SPECIFIC HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES • Amenities and facilities such as toilets, washing facilities, areas for eating and storage of personal belongings, and • Provision of first aid • Plant (machinery, equipment and tools) • Manual handling (lifting, pulling, pushing, carrying) • Hazardous substances (chemicals that are harmful to a worker’s health) • Hazardous work such as logging, excavation, electroplating, abrasive blasting, and spray painting • Certification of people performing some types of hazardous work or operating hazardous machinery to ensure they have the necessary level of skill and competency to do the work safely.

18. MANAGING HEALTH AND SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACE • Adopt a systematic approach to managing health and safety • Health and safety policies and procedures are prepared • Identify, assess and control hazards, injury and incident investigation, • Regular workplace inspections must be conducted to identify problem areas and hazards. • Provide a safe system of work. • Training is provided to enable management and employees to carry out their responsibilities • Records are kept of action taken to manage health and safety in the workplace.

19. Unit 2 – WORKSHOP HAZARDS Objectives: • Recognize safe working conditions in a workshop/workplace • Identify potential hazards and unsafe working procedures • Apply safety procedures to be followed in case of potentially dangerous situations that might occur in the workshop/workplace • Apply safety procedures in case of fires breaking out

20. The range of hazards are unlimited • chemical hazards, arising from liquids, solids, dusts, fumes, vapours, gases; • physical hazards, such as noise, vibration, unguarded machinery, unsatisfactory lighting, radiation, extreme temperatures (hot or cold); • biological hazards, from bacteria, viruses, infestations, infectious waste; • psychological hazards, resulting from stress and strain; • non-application of ergonomic principles, resulting in poorly designed machinery and tools or poorly designed work practices

21. Work processes can be designed to prevent accidents and illnesses. Existing hazards should be removed from the  workplace.

23. How do hazards get into the body? • through the lungs (inhalation) • through the skin (absorption) • through the mouth (ingestion).

24. smell • sneezing • coughing • a runny nose More hazardous agents get into your body by inhalation(by being breathed in) than by any other route

25. Your skin is also a major route of entry for hazardous agents in the workplace. Diseases can develop when chemicals and other materials used at work come into contact with your skin. Irritant injury (blistering caused by contact with toxic chemicals).

26. Chemical in wrong containers Unlabelled containers Poor electrical wiring Electrical leads lying across the floor Dirty machine cutting/cooling oils or fluids Inappropriate behaviour Stress

27. WHAT COULD HAPPEN? • Physical – Electrical shock, can fall over (trip), electric hazards, fire hazards, hearing damage • Chemical – Chemicals can lead or spill and people can inhale fumes or vapours • Biological – Sprays/oil can be inhaled and bacteria can cause breathing problems • Psychologically – people can be distracted or injured by machinery and tools, concentration loss resulting in injuries

28. CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS AND PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED • Unsafe Acts + Hazard = accident • Unsafe conditions + Hazard = accident • Hazard + unsafe acts + unsafe conditions = accident • An unplanned, uncontrolled event which has resulted in, or could have led to • Physical injury or death • Damage to plant, equipment or the environment or some other loss

29. Group Work • Create a scenario of unsafe conditions and list precautions • Create a scenario of unsafe acts and list precautions

33. FIRE PREVENTION • General storage of combustibles • Good housekeeping practices • Electrical equipment • Smoking • Alarm and detection systems

34. FIRE BUILDING REQUIREMENTS • Use of premises • Means of escape • Exits and fire doors • Fire fighting equipment • Specific hazards (e.ghazchem rooms)

35. Dealing with an emergency

38. Unit 3 – Hazardous Materials Objectives: • Identify hazardous materials • Recognise the precautions for handling and storage of hazardous materials in solid, liquid and gaseous states • Identify and explain the meanings of signs and symbols used to identify hazardous materials and situations • Apply appropriate action in case of emergency

40. CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

41. CLASSIFICATION OF DANGEROUS MATERIALS

42. LABELLLING AND MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS

43. HANDLING AND STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS • Three main reasons: • To prevent people being exposed to the material • To prevent fire and explosions • To protect the natural environment

44. WHAT TO DO IN CASE OF EMERGENCIES The instructor must know what to do in the event of emergencies because lives may depend on the correct and fast action of the instructor

45. How can the hazards be controlled? SAFETY, ISOLATION, NOTIFICATION

46. INVENTORY HANDLING DOT HAZARDOUS MATERIALS WARNING LABELS USE REQUIRED PPE STORAGE

47. Identify and explain the meanings of signs and symbols used to identify hazardous materials and situations

48. 13 Storch Street Private Bag 13388 Windhoek NAMIBIA T: +264 61 207 2081 F: +264 61 207 9081 E: coll@nust.na W: www.nust.na • Unit 4 – Pressurised units • Objectives: • Identify pressurized units commonly used in industry • Recognise safety precautions to be observed when operating or servicing pressured units • Apply appropriate action during emergencies

49. 13 Storch Street Private Bag 13388 Windhoek NAMIBIA T: +264 61 207 2081 F: +264 61 207 9081 E: coll@nust.na W: www.nust.na • Unit 5 – Personal Safety • Objectives: • Explain the precautions which must be observed to reduce the risk of personal injuries in the workplace • Discuss the reasons for clearly marked aisles for safe traffic in workshops • Identify the types of protective clothing and personal equipment appropriate to your work area • Explain the correct application of each identified item of protective clothing or personal equipment • Recognise the correct method of lifting heavy items to avoid back injuries

50. What causes accidents? • Lack of information/training • Working too quickly • Working whilst ill • Distractions • Wearing unsuitable clothing • Poor design • Poor housekeeping • Poor lighting/ventilation • Fooling around • Ignoring rules