Towards Balanced Computing: Weaving Peer-to-Peer Technologies into the Fabric of Computing over the Net

1. Towards Balanced ComputingWeaving Peer-to-Peer Technologies into the Fabric of Computing over the Net Presented at – “Collaborative Computing in Higher Education: Peer-to-Peer and Beyond” 30-31 January, 2002 David Barkai Distributed Solutions Lab Corporate Technology Group Intel Corporation

2. Agenda • P2P as a set of technologies • Usage-centric approach • Collaboration and P2P • Technical Challenges • “Balanced Computing”

3. What is P2P • Compute model – or - a set of technologies – or - an infrastructure / middleware – or, a mind-set..; no matter – P2P -- • Enables direct exchanges between peers • Allows resource sharing with other • Takes place at the edges of the Net The label is less important than how P2P fits in the collaborative computing fabric

4. Peer Client Server Client Server Peer Peer Client Peer Server Peer Server Peer Client Client Server Peer Peer P2P Topologies • “compute model” is too ‘separatist’ • P2P apps may apply any and all of these topologies Inverted client-server Client-server Mediated It is more productive to talk about how P2P fitsin the existing and evolving computingenvironment “pure”

5. People Applications and Services Computing Storage Comm The User-Centric Approach What people want DEPLOYMENT MODEL(Ways to implement the solution) USAGE MODEL(What it does; how it behaves) COMPUTE MODEL (Ways to architect the solution) What technology can make possible now and in the future Ask in what ways people wish to collaborate; employ P2P where appropriate – it’s not all or nothing

6. Internet Transitions Dynamic Integration, Executable Web, Peer Services TCP/IP-HTTP Web Web Services Extended Internet, Proactive Computing XML 2002 2001 2003 2000 2004 1999 1998 Trends that support collaborative usages and apps

7. Coming Waves of Innovation 109’s devices Smart Sensors Dumb Browsers 108’sdevices Smart Devices Web Services(C/S) Smart Services(C/S and P2P) 106’sdevices Executable Web The future landscape for collaborative apps Extended Internet Source: Forrester Research, 2001

8. Taxonomy of P2P Applications Distributed Computing Collaboration • Internet Distributed Computing • Intranet Distributed Computing • Grid Computing • Communication – chat, messaging • Co-review/edit/author/create • Gaming • Discovery Content Sharing • File delivery • Content Distribution • Distributed Storage • Caching, Edge Services • Information Mgmt – discover aggregate, filter, organize,.. Collaboration is based uponforms of content sharing

9. Collaboration Trends • From “interactive” to “collaborative” • The new watch word from analysts • Human involvements at both ends • Asynchronous collaboration added • Machine-to-Machine • Or, rather, “app-to-app” • Agents and Bots Smart Sensors Smart Devices Smart Services(C/S and P2P) Extend the notion of collaborationBeyond that of a small group of people Executable Web Extended Internet

10. Lack of Trust Heterogeneity – hardware, software, network Scale Intermittency Location Autonomy Local Policies Distance The Realities Facing P2P

11. Challenges and Outlook Technical Challenges • Connectivity • Security and Privacy • Fault-tolerance and Availability • Performance and Bandwidth • Scalability • Self-management of systems • Interoperability • Complexity

12. Challenges and Outlook Social Barriers • Self-organization vs. the Centralized Mindset • Concerns of IT managers • Security; unknown components; distributed resources; (lack of) integration with existing apps • Online communities • Dynamic, self-managed, self-organized • Trust and reputation • Need for business model? Need “P2P groundswell”?

13. Organizing the Required Features • Communication • Naming and Discovery • Availability • Security • Resource Management Most P2P apps need the same fundamental services

14. Web Services “… applications that interact with each other using web standards.” - Rod Smith, IBM, VP Emerging Technologies • Self-describing, self-contained modular applications • Platform & implementation neutral • Based on open standards for description, discovery & invocation • Programmatically connect process together The web services technologies provide means to overcome P2P Collaboration challenges

15. Peer-to-Peer Extensions for Web Services • Build on new developments for Web Services • Employ open standards for cross-platform, cross-organization Enable web services from any point to any point in thedistributed computing infrastructure

16. Peer-to-Peer Technology is Rebalancing Distributed Computing Smart Client Model Server Centric Model Client Centric Server Centric Mid-Tier Front-End PersonalClient Data Center • Client-Server Computing- Centralized control • Resource intensive deployments • High cost of MIP’s / Mbytes • Innovation is limited by deploymentresources and capital ROI requirements • Peer to Peer Computing- Local control • Mass deployment of new capabilities • Low cost of MIP’s / Mbytes • Innovation is accelerated by ease of deploymentand “free” use of resources Driving a Rebalancing of Computing Models

17. Balanced Computing Vision • Web services provided and consumed by servers or PCs • Peer-to-peer collaboration and content sharing • Support for rich client-side experience (PC, mobile, wireless) • Integrated building blocks, tools and services spanning Intel architectures • Open, industry-wide standards • XML, SOAP, UDDI and related standards as a base • Convergence of competing XML standards Taking computing to where it is best performed

18. Outlook • P2P will – • Be an integral part of solution to security on the Net • Offer new ways to extract relevant content • Bring together millions of users to solve important computational problems • Accelerate break-down of geographic and cultural barriers by enabling formation of communities based on shared interest

19. Summary • P2P is a mindset a set of technologies • Online collaboration can best benefit from P2P components within the broader distributed computing environment • Employ devices and functions where they best serve the user