60 likes | 66 Views
Enhancing causal influence (in observational studies ) Spurious and real association: Suppose a study reveals an ass. Between coffee drinking and M.I., the association could be:. Causal models to consider if smoking association with coffee drinking and is a cause of M.I.
E N D
Enhancing causal influence (in observational studies) Spurious and real association: Suppose a study reveals an ass. Between coffee drinking and M.I., the association could be:
Causal models to consider if smoking association with coffee drinking and is a cause of M.I. Coffee drink smoking coffee drink factor x smoking coffee drink smoking (1)M.I. (2)M.I. (3)M.I Matching is harmful Matching may be helpful