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MACROMOLECULES

Discover the fascinating world of macromolecules and their importance in life. Learn about carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids and how they contribute to the structure and function of living organisms.

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MACROMOLECULES

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  1. MACROMOLECULES THE STUFF OF LIFE

  2. LATIN 101 • Poly – Many • Mono-One • Hydro-Water (actually Greek) • Lipos - fat • Synthesis- to make or form • Lysis-loosen; break apart

  3. Carbon compounds and cells • Life as we know it is carbon based. • A carbon atom can form chemical bonds with other carbon atoms in long chains or rings.

  4. Carbon compounds and cells • Carbon compounds in living things include: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.

  5. ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS THAT CONTAIN THE ELEMENT CARBON 95% of all compounds are organic Example: Glucose C6H12O6

  6. BUILDING BLOCKS ANALOGY

  7. Polymers – large organic molecules made of smaller parts known as monomers (Building blocks of polymers)

  8. Dehydration synthesis • The chemical process of joining monomers to form polymers. At the end of each monomer is a (H) hydrogen atom and a (-OH) group. Every time a monomer is added a molecule of water is given off.

  9. HYDROLYSIS • The chemical breakdown of polymers into monomers through the addition of water; essentially the opposite of dehydration synthesis

  10. FOUR MACROMoleculeS of LIFE

  11. Carbohydrates • Carbohydrates are energy-rich compounds made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. • Cells use carbohydrates to get and store energy. • Carbohydrates are also called sugars or starches.

  12. Carbohydrates • Plant cells store energy as starch. • Rice, potatoes, and wheat are plant starches.

  13. CARBOHYDATES

  14. Lipids • Lipids are made by cells to store energy for long periods of time. • Lipids include fats, oils, and waxes. Can you think of examples of lipids in plants or animals?

  15. LIPIDS “Lipos-FAT”

  16. LIPIDS-1 Glycerol and fatty acid tails 3 FATTY ACID TAILS GLYCEROL BACKBONE

  17. LIPID Dehydration Synthesis Hydrolysis

  18. Proteins • Proteins are very large molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. • Protein molecules are made of smaller molecules called amino acids.

  19. PROTEINS

  20. PROTEINS Dehydration Synthesis Hydrolysis

  21. R-Group (Makes each Amino Acid Different ; 20 different amino ACIDS) - Contain Nitrogen

  22. Nucleic acids • Nucleic acids are compounds made of long, repeating chains called nucleotides. • DNA is a nucleic acid that contains the information cells need to make all of their proteins.

  23. Nucleic acids

  24. Nucleotide – monomer of nucleic acids

  25. DNA • Some scientists refer to DNA as the “blueprints” for life. What is a blueprint and why might scientists use this “analogy”?

  26. QUIZ TIME WHAT DO YOU KNOW?

  27. Am I a Carbohydrate, nucleic acid, Protein or lipid? NOTICE: C,H,O and the 2:1 ratio of H to O

  28. carbohydrate Dehydration Synthesis Hydrolysis

  29. Am I a Carbohydrate, nucleic acid, Protein or lipid? NOTICE: the twisted shape of DNA

  30. Am I a Carbohydrate, nucleic acid, Protein or lipid? NOTICE: The Glycerol back bone and fatty acid tails

  31. Am I a Carbohydrate, nucleic acid, Protein or lipid? NOTICE: The amino acid monomers

  32. Am I a Carbohydrate, nucleic acid, Protein or lipid?

  33. Am I a Carbohydrate, nucleic acid, Protein or lipid?

  34. Am I a Carbohydrate, nucleic acid, Protein or lipid? CHROMOSOME

  35. Am I a Carbohydrate, nucleic acid, Protein or lipid?

  36. Am I a Carbohydrate, nucleic acid, Protein or lipid? NOTICE: The phospate, sugar and base

  37. Am I a Carbohydrate, nucleic acid, Protein or lipid? NOTICE: The nitrogen and R-group

  38. MACROMOLECULE FOLDABLE Fold and cut a piece of paper as shown below to make 4 tabs. FolDABLE TIME • FRONT SIDE OF TABS: • Tab A • Label the tab PROTEIN in RED • Write the name of its monomer and draw and color one. • TAB B • Label the tab CARBOHYDRATE in BLUE • Write the name of its monomer and draw and color one • TAB C • Label the tab LIPID in GREEN • Write the name of its monomer and draw and color one • TAB D • Label the tab NUCLEIC ACID – a color not already used • Write the name of its monomer and draw and color one • BACK SIDE OF TABS: • TAB A • Give 4 FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS • List 2 EXAMPLES OF PROTEINS • TAB B • Give 2 FUNCTIONS OF CARBOHYDRATES • List 4 EXAMPLES OF CARBOHYDRATES • TAB C • Give 3 FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS • List 4 EXAMPLES OF LIPIDS • TAB D • Give 2 FUNCTIONS FOR NUCLEIC ACIDS • List 2 EXAMPLES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS • ON THE INSIDE CENTER SECTION, center and write the word MACROMOLECULE • ON THE BACK OF THE FOLDABLE, write your NAME and PERIOD. • Make a pocket for this to slide into in your notebook using paper.

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