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PRINCIPLES OF SPORTS TAPING

PRINCIPLES OF SPORTS TAPING. CONTENTS. Definition of Taping Uses of Taping Principles of application Effectiveness and evaluation Practical application. Definition of Taping. Application of adhesive tape (elastic or non-elastic) to:.

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PRINCIPLES OF SPORTS TAPING

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  1. PRINCIPLES OF SPORTS TAPING

  2. CONTENTS • Definition of Taping • Uses of Taping • Principles of application • Effectiveness and evaluation • Practical application

  3. Definition of Taping Application of adhesive tape (elastic or non-elastic) to: • provide support & protection to soft tissues and joints, and • to minimize swelling and pain after injury Can be used: immediately following injury during rehabilitation e.g. chondromalacia patellae prophylactic measure e.g. training and competition

  4. Sound knowledge of anatomy, joint & tissue mechanics thorough assessment & diagnosis Injury mechanics specific to the sport Taping Principles

  5. Is an adjunct to the total injury careNot a substitution for treatment & rehabilitation

  6. Effects of Taping • Mechanical • limits & controls joint movement • limits stretching of soft tissues • compression to oedematous area • maintains desirable alignment

  7. Physiological •  proprioception • prevents & limits swelling • relax protective muscle spasm • ‘physiological rest’ •  rate of tissue repair

  8. Therapeutic •  pain •  muscle spasm • maintains optional functional ability •  risk of further injury/ irritation •  risk of permanent deformity Psychological

  9. Types of Tapes • Occlusive vs. Porus - Rubber-based tapes - Acrylate tapes • Elastic vs. Non-elastic - Elastic tape - for compression and generally ineffective as a support material - Non-elastic tape - for stability & protection from further mechanical damage

  10. Non-elastic tape support structures like ligament, joint capsule limit joint movement protect vs. re-injury not for compression Elastic tape compress & support soft tissues like muscles provide compression ineffective as a support material Not for first aid use (compression too severe)

  11. Elastic tape Hamstring Strain

  12. Lateral Ligament Sprain Non-elastic tape

  13. A-C joint sprain

  14. Turf Toes

  15. RULE OF THUMB tape in the direction that will shorten injured structures Principles of Application Consider: • Area to be supported • movement to be limited • functional status • modification needed? • assess & analyse

  16. Application procedures • wash the part • remove hair (prewrap) • check skin condition (blisters, skin irritation, minor wounds) • orthopaedic felt (bony prominence) • do not use limb as anchor to pull tape off • even overall pressure

  17. Basic Taping Applications • Anchor Tape • Stirrup / U tape • Spur / Lateral U / Gibney • Locking tape • Heel lock

  18. overlap 1/2 - 2/3 of previous turn not over inflammatory or infectious skin conditions remove strapping: snubbed nose scissors never pull at right angles to the skin or rip off violently!

  19. Problems in Sports Taping • Wrong application? • Not enough support • Contraindications? (Open skin, infection, tape allergy) • Signs: circulatory signs, discomfort, skin laceration, blisters, allergic skin reaction • Other problems: hinder application of other treatment or performance, psychological dependence, tapes are expensive!

  20. Evaluation of the effectiveness of taping • Is it effective in reducing the injury incidence? • Is it effective after a long period of exercise? • Does it influence performance? • Does it lead to reduction in symptoms? • Is taping superior to bracing or cast immobilisation?

  21. Is it effective in reducing the injury incidence? Two review studies • Verhagen et al. (2000) • Quinn et al. (2000) – Cochrane Review

  22. Critical review Verhagen et al. (2000) • 8 studies included • Taping  incidence of sprains and results in less severe sprains • Brace seems to be more effective in athletes with previous ankle sprains

  23. Meta-analysis • Quinn et al (2000) • Meta-analysis on the use of external ankle support towards prevention of ankle injuries

  24. Meta-analysis • “Beneficial effect of external ankle supports in the form of semirigid or air-cast braces to prevent lateral ligament injury in high risk sporting activities.” • Subjects with previous history of ankle sprain may have risk reduced by wearing such supports

  25. Meta-analysis The effect should be taken in the light of: • baseline risk of the injury in the activity, • previous injury status • any possible or perceived loss of performance • supply and cost of the supportive device

  26. Is it effective after a long period of exercise? Greene & Hillman (1990) • Compare athletic taping vs. semirigid orthosis inv./ev. restriction before, during & after 3 hour volleyball practice • n = 14 Results: • Maximum reduction in joint restriction due to taping (both inv. & ev.) occurred 20’ after exercise • orthosis - only eversion was compromised (? More effective)

  27. Does it influence performance? Burks et al (1991) • analysis of athletic performance with prophylactic ankle devices •  performance when ankles are taped • ankle taping  performance in vertical jump, shuttle run & sprint •  performance in brace is minor

  28. Does it lead to reduction in symptoms? Cushnaghan et al (1994) • Medial taping of the patella provides short term pain relief in patients with PFJ OA Kowall et al (1996) • Efficacy of taping PFJ pain • no beneficial effect in the addition of taping to standard PT treatment

  29. Is taping superior to bracing or cast immobilisation? Braakman et al (1998) • 5th MTP fracture • functional taping vs. cast immobilisation • Functional recovery: mobility, power grip, pulling strengths and torque strengths • functional taping showed earlier functional recovery (1 & 4 wks)

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