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Gastrointestinal Drugs

Gastrointestinal Drugs. Antacids. Neutralize stomach acids - cause of heartburn Active ingredients - aluminum, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate Bases combine w/ acid to pH Examples Tums Maalox, Mylanta Pepto-Bismal. Antacids.

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Gastrointestinal Drugs

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  1. Gastrointestinal Drugs

  2. Antacids • Neutralize stomach acids - cause of heartburn • Active ingredients - aluminum, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate • Bases combine w/ acid to pH • Examples • Tums • Maalox, Mylanta • Pepto-Bismal

  3. Antacids • Adverse effects - constipation, diarrhea Acid Rebound Phenomenon

  4. Histamine (H2) Blockers(Acid Reducers) • Presence of histamine cause the release of gastric acids in stomach • Action - prevent (limit) release of histamine by blocking receptor sites • Indications • acute & chronic ulcers • stomach pain • GERD

  5. H2 Blockers • Examples • Tagamet (Cimetidine) • Pepcid AC (Famotidine) • Zantac 75 (Rantidine) • Prilosec – blocks action of H+/K+ ATPase proton pump which secretes acid into the stomach • Nexium – new med to treat erosion of esophagus *** Antacids & H2 Blockers should not be a panacea for poor eating habits

  6. Antidiarrheal • Actions • slow peristalsis • adsorbent (absorb H2O & electrolytes) • Examples • Immodium AD (Loperamide) • Donnagel, Kaopectate • Pepto-Bismal - antibacterial effects

  7. Antiemetics • Action - decrease nausea & vomiting • various receptors in CNS to suppress nausea • coat the stomach & decrease irritation • Examples • Phenergan (Promethazine HCl) • Benedryl (Diphenhydramine) • Dramamine (Dimehydinate) • Emetrol - Dextrose, Fructose, Phosphoric Acid • Marinol ????

  8. Laxatives • Examples • Citracel • Metamucil • Correctol • Milk of Magnesia • Drs. recommend non-medicinal remedies • Illegal in sports!

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